Changes in Olive Urban Forests Infected by Xylella fastidiosa: Impact on Microclimate and Social Health

Semeraro, Teodoro; Gatto, Elisa; Buccolieri, Riccardo; Vergine, Marzia; Gao, Zhi; Bellis, Luigi De; Luvisi, Andrea

doi:10.3390/ijerph16152642

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Conversely, Xf subsp. pauca strain “De Donno” was identified in olive trees for the first time in Italy (Apulia region) in 2013 [ 29 ] associated with Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), destroying not only local olive oil production, but also the typical landscape characterized by monumental olive trees [ 69 , 70 ]. To date, the mechanism of infection and the plant’s defensive response to pathogen attack and colonization, in this species, are still not well understood.…”

Section: Profiling Change Of Metabolites In Economic Plants Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

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During their evolutionary history, plants have evolved the ability to synthesize and accumulate small molecules known as secondary metabolites. These compounds are not essential in the primary cell functions but play a significant role in the plants’ adaptation to environmental changes and in overcoming stress. Their high concentrations may contribute to the resistance of the plants to the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which has recently re-emerged as a plant pathogen of global importance. Although it is established in several areas globally and is considered one of the most dangerous plant pathogens, no cure has been developed due to the lack of effective bactericides and the difficulties in accessing the xylem vessels where the pathogen grows and produces cell aggregates and biofilm. This review highlights the role of secondary metabolites in the defense of the main economic hosts of X. fastidiosa and identifies how knowledge about biosynthetic pathways could improve our understanding of disease resistance. In addition, current developments in non-invasive techniques and strategies of combining molecular and physiological techniques are examined, in an attempt to identify new metabolic engineering options for plant defense.

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Section: Profiling Change Of Metabolites In Economic Plants Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

et al. 2020

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“…As argued by such scholars as Bourdieu, Lefebvre, and Gans [66][67][68], the result of the bottom-up participation showed that the urban space must be thought of as a "social space", considering the main users and producing transitions able to support good quality of life. Therefore, the challenge going forward will be to apply an increasingly advanced and nuanced understanding of urban ecology in the practice of planning and designing urban ecosystems [69,70]. Urban spaces have to be planned as dynamic areas [71], giving the opportunity to develop new structures and functions to adapt them to new social needs and economic opportunities without upsetting urban identity and ecology quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bottom-Up and Top-Down Participatory Approach to Planning and Designing Local Urban Development: Evidence from an Urban University Center

Semeraro

Zaccarelli

Lara

et al. 2020

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The urban area is characterized by different urban ecosystems that interact with different institutional levels, including different stakeholders and decision-makers, such as public administrations and governments. This can create many institutional conflicts in planning and designing the urban space. It would arguably be ideal for an urban area to be planned like a socio-ecological system where the urban ecosystem and institutional levels interact with each other in a multi-scale analysis. This work embraces a planning process that aims at being applied to a multi-institutional level approach that is able to match different visions and stakeholders' needs, combining bottom-up and top-down participation approaches. At the urban scale, the use of this approach is sometimes criticized because it appears to increase conflicts between the different stakeholders. Starting from a case study in the Municipality of Lecce, South Italy, we apply a top-down and bottom-up participation approach to overcome conflicts at the institutional levels in the use of the urban space in the Plan of the Urban University Center. The bottom-up participation action analyzes the vision of people that frequent the urban context. After that, we share this vision in direct comparison with decision-makers to develop the planning and design solutions. The final result is a draft of the hypothetical Plan of the Urban University Center. In this way, the bottom-up and top-down approaches are useful to match the need of the community that uses the area with the vision of urban space development of decision-makers, reducing the conflicts that can arise between different institutional levels. In this study, it also emerges that the urban question is not green areas vs. new buildings, but it is important to focus on the social use of the space to develop human well-being. With the right transition of information and knowledge between different institutional levels, the bottom-up and top-down approaches help develop an operative effective transdisciplinary urban plan and design. Therefore, public participation with bottom-up and top-down approaches is not a tool to obtain maximum consensus, but mainly a moment of confrontation to better address social issues in urban planning and design.

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“…For each case, ENVI-met was run for an 8 h period, starting at 07:00 a.m. ENVI-met v4.4 was used to simulate the variation of air temperature (Tair) in the GPV systems, considering the different patterns of vegetation: (i) GPV system with arable land between the panels (intermediate scenario), (ii) GPV system with grasslands between the panels (current scenario), and (iii) GPV system redesigned as GI (design scenario). ENVI-met is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) and microclimate model based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) k-ε model for describing the turbulent flow field that is able to simulate complex surface-vegetation-air interactions in the environment [94]. The ENVI-met application needs two phases: the first consists of modelling the study area by defining the pattern of the vegetation and any other geometrical element present in the different scenarios analysed; in the second phase, meteorological parameters must be defined to characterise the simulation period.…”

Section: Quantification Of the Potential Air Temperature Regulation Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecological processes and functions linked to the production of good and services identified for CTWs integrated with the GPV systems considered. A qualitative scale, from low (+) to high (+++), is employed to indicate an increasing capacity to support ecosystem services [94][95][96][97][98].…”

Section: A New Vision Of Gpv Systems As Green Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework to Design Green Infrastructure: Ecosystem Services as an Opportunity for Creating Shared Value in Ground Photovoltaic Systems

Semeraro

Aretano²,

Barca

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This paper presents a conceptual framework that looks at photovoltaic systems in synergy with ecosystem services. The focus is to connect business success with social and ecological progress based on the operative concept of multifunctional land use. Such an approach attempts to harmonise the needs of the industrial processes of photovoltaic systems and the ecological and social needs of the landscape context. Different from the usual design of ground photovoltaic systems in farmlands or brownfields, a new framework is proposed, combining photovoltaic panels and vegetation. A case study is considered, applying the framework to existing photovoltaic systems in the Apulia region (southern Italy). The analysis shows how the framework has, among others, the major functions of increasing solar energy production, recycling wastewater, creating raw material for biofuel, as well as providing animal habitat and mitigating air temperature. The latter is preliminarily evaluated by means of modelling simulations performed with a computational fluid dynamics and microclimate model, ENVI-met. This approach opens up a new vision of the infrastructure design of photovoltaic systems which can produce new social and economic income.

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Changes in Olive Urban Forests Infected by Xylella fastidiosa: Impact on Microclimate and Social Health

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

A Bottom-Up and Top-Down Participatory Approach to Planning and Designing Local Urban Development: Evidence from an Urban University Center

A Conceptual Framework to Design Green Infrastructure: Ecosystem Services as an Opportunity for Creating Shared Value in Ground Photovoltaic Systems

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