Changes in Nutritional Status Impact Immune Cell Metabolism and Function

Alwarawrah, Yazan; Kiernan, Kaitlin; MacIver, Nancie J.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01055

Cited by 378 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 185 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

254

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The amount of NK cells in blood or tissue is usually specified as "total NK cell number" or "NK cell frequency as percentage of leukocytes or PBMCs." As obesity is also known to be associated with alterations in the number of other blood cell types, obesity-related changes in NK cell frequency may additionally be a result of a shift of numbers of other immune cell types (145). Therefore, the indication of absolute NK cell numbers would help to make data obtained in different studies and under different conditions comparable.…”

Section: The Impact Of Systemic Obesity On Nk Cells In Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is accompanied by a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation as well as dysfunctions of several innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent findings emphasize an impaired functionality and phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells under obese conditions. This review provides a detailed overview on research related to overweight and obesity with a particular focus on NK cells. We discuss obesity-associated alterations in subsets, distribution, phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and signaling cascades of NK cells investigated in vitro as well as in animal and human studies. In addition, we provide recent insights into the effects of physical activity and obesity-associated nutritional factors as well as the reduction of body weight and fat mass on NK cell functions of obese individuals. Finally, we highlight the impact of impaired NK cell physiology on obesity-associated diseases, focusing on the elevated susceptibility for viral infections and increased risk for cancer development and impaired treatment response.NK cells are large granular lymphocytes that mediate rapid innate immunity against viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells without prior sensitization. NK cells primarily develop and mature in the bone marrow, migrate through the bloodstream, and seed into secondary lymphoid organs, like thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes as well as in other peripheral tissues, like lung, liver, kidney, uterus, and the gastrointestinal tract (23). In blood, NK cells represent 1-6% of all leukocytes and comprise up to 15% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Human NK cells have been defined by the expression of adhesion molecule CD56 and by the absence of the T cell marker CD3. Based on their expression level of CD56 and the Fcγ receptor CD16, NK cells are subdivided into different subpopulations. The two major and classically defined subsets are the CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells and the CD56 bright CD16 dim/neg NK cells. CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells represent about 90% of all NK cells and are predominantly found in peripheral blood (24). They are mostly responsible for cytotoxic activity and target cell killing but are also a source of pro-inflammatory Abbreviations: ACM, adipocyte-conditioned media; Adamts3, a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 3; AdipoR, adiponectin receptor; Anxa8, annexin A8; AT, adipose tissue; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl, B-cell lymphoma; BMI, body mass index; CCR, CC chemokine receptor; Csf1r, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; CX3CR1, C-X3-C-motif chemokine receptor 1; DNAM-1, DNAX accessory molecule-1; ESR, estrogen receptor; FasL, Fas ligand; IFN-γ, interferon; GM-CSF; granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; H6pd, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Hk2, hexokinase 2; IL, interleukinIL-6R; interleukin-6 receptor; Il18rap, interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein; IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; JAK, Janus kinase; KIR, killer immunoglobulin-like receptor; Klra1, killer lectin-like receptor subfamil...

show abstract

Section: The Impact Of Systemic Obesity On Nk Cells In Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Importantly, these adipokines also stimulate various immune cells to synthesize and systemically release numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines. 37,42,43,156 It is worth noting that along with excessive fat accumulation, the 161,162 When the reduction of adipose tissue mass occurs, the body receives signals from adipocytes that direct it to decrease metabolic activity and increase efficient energy use. In this case, the effectiveness of the immune system is suppressed, and the activity of immunological cells is reduced.…”

Section: The Effect Of Underweight and Overweight On The Interplaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Adipokines are predominantly known to play a vital role in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, evidence supporting the concept of their extensive involvement in immune system defence mechanisms and inflammatory processes continues to grow. Some of the adipokines, that is, leptin and resistin, have been recognized to exhibit mainly pro‐inflammatory properties, whereas others such as visfatin, chemerin, apelin and vaspin have been found to exert regulatory effects. In contrast, adiponectin or omentin are known for their anti‐inflammatory activities. Hence, adipokines influence the activity of various cells engaged in innate immune response and inflammatory processes mainly by affecting adhesion molecule expression, chemotaxis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, as well as mediators production and release. However, much less is known about the role of adipokines in processes involving lymphoid lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of different adipokines in the lymphopoiesis, recirculation, differentiation and polarization of lymphoid lineage cells. It also provides insight into the influence of selected adipokines on the activity of those cells in tissues.

show abstract

“…In obese individuals the percentage of T lymphocytes of both CD4 and CD8 cells in adipose tissue is on the increase, secreting pro-in ammatory cytokines such as: IFN-γ (Th1) and IL-17 (Th17). The increased proportion of in ammatory CD4 + T cells in obese individuals results in a decrease in the number of T reg [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

Tylutka

Morawin

Gramacki

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is widely well documented that ageing is accompanied by remodelling of the immune system including thymic atrophy and increased frequency of senescent T cells, thereby leading to immune compromise. The interaction of physical activity and the immune response is very complex and depends on the immune system status as well as the intensity, the type and the frequency of exercise. However, daily physical activity which particularly influences immunity and which declines dramatically with age, has not been widely reported in the studies. Therefore, this study was designed to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life attenuates or reverses immunosenescence.The study subjects (n=99) were recruited from the University of the Third Age; they were assessed for the presence of chronic diseases and their functional capacity (6-min walking test) and cardiorespiratory (6-min Åstrand test) fitness were evaluated. Eventually, 54 subjects of the mean age >65 years participated in the study. The baseline peripheral naïve and memory T cells were analysed by flow cytometry in 34 elderly subjects who had maintained a high level of physical activity (Nordic-walking, Tai-Chi, cycling, 2-4 times per week) for much of their adult lives, and in 20 elderly people who had not been involved in regular exercise. The elderly who demonstrated a superior gait speed >1.3 m/s had a significantly higher the CD4+ naïve T lymphocyte population and a higher CD4+naïve/CD4+memory ratio compared to the inactive group. Above 50% of active individuals had the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1 or ≤2.5 contrary to the inactive ones who demonstrated the values of CD4/CD8 ratio <1. Interestingly, the fat mass (FM) was positively correlated with CD4+ and CD4+memory in the inactive group which means that the number of CD4+memory cells and CD4+ T cells increased with the body fat content. Based on cytometry flow analysis, we concluded that major features of immunosenescence are contingent on lifestyle exercise in older adults.

show abstract

Changes in Nutritional Status Impact Immune Cell Metabolism and Function

Cited by 378 publications

References 185 publications

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer

The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About