Changes in Nutrition-Related Behaviors in Alcohol-Dependent Patients After Outpatient Detoxification: The Role of Chocolate

Stickel, Anna; Rohdemann, Maren E. H.; Landes, Tom; Engel, Katharina; Banas, Roman; Heinz, Andreas; Müller, Christian

doi:10.3109/10826084.2015.1117107

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, a study examining the macronutrient composition of dietary intake in 64 newly sober alcoholic patients found significantly escalated sugar and carbohydrate intake in those who stayed sober longer [36]. Similar alterations in the nutrition-related behavior were also recently reported by a study in which abstainers in an outpatient alcohol detoxification program consumed 3 times more chocolate compared to nonabstainers [37]. While these data may demonstrate a protective effect of excessive intake of palatable food on alcohol consumptions, it is unclear if sugar decreased alcohol drinking or alcohol withdrawal increased sugar consumption triggered by a coping mechanism or gateway drug effect.…”

Section: Human Studiessupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Since neuroendocrine peptides that regulate energy metabolism can also influence emotional states and reinforcing properties of alcohol [23], a compromised nutritional status may further exacerbate various behavioral impairments observed in alcoholics and could substantially contribute to this chronic relapsing disorder [94,96]. Importantly, increased intake of highly palatable food has been documented in human alcoholics during recovery [36,37], suggesting that palatable food consumption might be protective during the early stages of alcohol detoxification process to maintain sobriety. On a similar note, the propensity to consume highly palatable food could compete with the propensity of alcohol drinking, as shown in a large sample of adolescent girls further supports this idea [97].…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking

Brutman

Davis

Sirohi

2020

CPD

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A complex interplay of peripheral and central signaling mechanisms within the body of an organism maintains energy homeostasis. In addition, energy/food intake is modified by various external factors (e.g., palatability, food availability, social and environmental triggers). Highly palatable foods can provoke maladaptive feeding behavior, which in turn disrupts normal homeostatic regulation resulting in numerous health consequences. Furthermore, neuroendocrine peptides, traditionally considered to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis, also control the intake and reinforcing properties of alcohol and drugs of abuse. Therefore, dysregulated eating as a result of a hedonic/binge-like intake of hyper-palatable food may impact alcohol drinking behavior. Relevant in this case is the fact that eating disorders are highly comorbid with several neuropsychiatric conditions, including alcohol use disorder. The present review is intended to summarize the neurobiological and functional consequences of hedonic feeding on alcohol intake.

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Section: Human Studiessupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking

Brutman

Davis

Sirohi

2020

CPD

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“…For example, it is unclear if a diet high in fat is necessary to trigger reduced alcohol drinking behavior or if a diet high in sugar would induce the same effect. While a recent study showed a reduction of alcohol withdrawal syndrome following a high fat/ketogenic diet intake [62], studies exist demonstrating that excessive consumption of palatable/sweet food could curb alcohol drinking behavior in human alcoholics [10,11] which also agrees with the Alcoholics Anonymous recommendation of eating more sweet/palatable food to reduce alcohol craving [63]. These data collectively suggest that palatable food may compete with propensity to drink alcohol as both are capable of interacting with the brain reward circuitry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, alcoholics have lower body weight and reduced body mass index compared to healthy controls, which signify a poor nutritional status [7,8], a condition that could contribute to AUD pathology [7,9]. Interestingly, alcoholics display an increased intake of highly palatable food during recovery [10,11]. However, it is unclear if this is an attempt to restore caloric deficits or to alleviate the negative consequences of alcohol withdrawal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Contingency Reduces Alcohol Drinking by Altering Central Neurotransmitter Receptor Gene Expression in Rats

et al. 2019

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We have previously shown that 6 weeks of intermittent high-fat diet (Int-HFD) pre-exposure significantly reduced alcohol drinking in rats, providing preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of a dietary intervention in reducing alcohol intake. However, the functional framework and underlying neurobiological mechanisms of such dietary intervention are unknown. Here, we examined the impact of Int-HFD pre-exposure duration on alcohol drinking, plasma feeding peptides, and central neurotransmitter receptors gene expression. Male Long Evans rats (n = 6–7/group) received no pre-exposure, 1 or 2 weeks pre-exposure to Int-HFD and alcohol drinking (two-bottle choice) was evaluated. We observed HFD pre-exposure-dependent decrease in alcohol drinking, with a significant decrease observed following 2 weeks of Int-HFD pre-exposure. No significant between-group differences in plasma feeding peptides (i.e., ghrelin, leptin, insulin) were detected. A PCR array revealed that the expression of several neurotransmitter receptors was significantly (p < 0.05 and ≥2-fold) altered in the striatum and ventral tegmental area compared to controls. These data suggest that pre-exposure to a palatable diet is critical to reduce alcohol drinking in rats, possibly through genetic alterations in the brain reward circuitry. Importantly, the present study is a step forward in identifying the critical framework needed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nutritional contingency in the management of alcoholism.

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“…Both study subgroups noted a change in appetite when entering recovery, transitioning from barely eating, to eating frequently due to increased hunger or boredom. This aligns with previous studies on this population [36,[38][39][40][41] in which processed, quick, and sweet foods are commonly consumed when entering recovery. There are several potential reasons for the relationship seen between dietary habits and substance use.…”

Section: Chapter Iv: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Therapeutic Approaches to Recovery in West Virginia

Wattick¹

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Substance use disorder (SUD) is a prevalent problem in the United States, with 19.7 million Americans aged 12 and older battling an SUD in 2017. Multiple factors influence the risk that someone will develop an SUD, including family history, childhood trauma, community factors, and poverty. West Virginia has the highest rate of overdose deaths in the nation, and individuals in WV are at high risk of SUD due to the aforementioned risk factors. There are a variety of treatment options available to someone with an SUD. These include outpatient or inpatient treatment, detoxification, therapeutic communities, and collegiate recovery programs. Despite the variety of treatment, there are high rates of relapse, with 40 to 60% of individuals relapsing within 12 months. Relapse prevention is increasingly implemented in recovery programs in order to decrease these rates. Relapse prevention strategies include the building of coping methods and skill-building to sustain recovery. These strategies can include peer-to-peer counseling, meditation, mindfulness, yoga, and other activities that aim to build a healthy recovery lifestyle. Nutrition is an important part of following a healthy lifestyle. Individuals in recovery often have nutrition-related disorders, such as malnutrition, poor mental health, and altered body composition. Incorporating nutrition programming into recovery has shown to improve recovery outcomes. Despite this, there is a lack of nutrition education, therapy, or emphasis in recovery programs. This study aimed to determine the role of nutrition in recovery programs throughout West Virginia through the perspectives of recovery program directors and individuals in recovery as well as determine what types of programming is prioritized in recovery. Two recovery programs, West Virginia University Collegiate Recovery Program (WVU CRP) and Morgantown Sober Living (MSL) participated in this study. Two program directors and 16 recovering individuals completed cognitive interviews/focus groups and surveys that gathered their perspectives on nutrition in recovery and what works in recovery. Thematic analysis using NVIVO 12 software generated 53 themes and 30 subthemes. Overall, WVU CRP directors and recovering individuals emphasized a holistic approach to recovery with a focus on wellness. MSL recovering individuals expressed a desire to achieve independence and normalcy. All participants cited the value of social support as being integral to maintaining recovery. The most support for nutrition in recovery came from WVU CRP directors. All recovering individuals noted its importance in recovery, but some expressed that it's not a priority early on. All recovering individuals expressed desire to learn life-skills including budgeting and eating healthily in order to improve their chances of long-term recovery. This research can help to improve the quality and offerings of recovery programs by informing potential nutrition and lifeskills interventions for recovering individuals. Future work can determine how to best deliver...

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Changes in Nutrition-Related Behaviors in Alcohol-Dependent Patients After Outpatient Detoxification: The Role of Chocolate

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking

Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking

Nutritional Contingency Reduces Alcohol Drinking by Altering Central Neurotransmitter Receptor Gene Expression in Rats

Therapeutic Approaches to Recovery in West Virginia

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