Changes in mRNA and Protein Levels of Proteoglycans of the Anulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus During Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Cs‐Szabó, Gabriella; Juan, Deborah Ragasa-San; Turumella, Vani; Masuda, Koichi; Thonar, Eugene J-M.A.; An, Howard S.

doi:10.1097/00007632-200210150-00006

Cited by 185 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These observations were in accordance with previous reports (Schmid et al, 1991;Feng and Song, 2004;Gruber et al, 2002). As reported previously, loss of water and glycosaminoglycans suggested degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (Cs-Szabo et al, 2002). In our results, the fibrosis of the nucleus pulposus, or intervertebral disc herniation was not observed in the rats of the aged group, which may be due to the discs of rats enduring less pressure than humans since they were reptiles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Features of intervertebral disc degeneration in rat’s aging process

Zhang

Sun

Liu

et al. 2009

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: The age-related change is important part of degenerative disc disease. However, no appropriate animal model or objective evaluation index is available. This study aimed to investigate the features of intervertebral disc degeneration in aging process of rats. Methods: 22-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as spontaneously occurring intervertebral disc degeneration models and 6-month-old rats as young controls. Expression of collagen types II and X was measured by immunohistochemistry. Degenerations of intervertebral discs were scored according to Miyamoto's method. Numbers and areas of afferent vascular buds were measured. The thicknesses of non-calcified and calcified layers were measured and statistically analyzed. Results: There were less collagen type II expression and more collagen type X expression in the calcified layer of the cartilage endplates and nucleus pulposus in the rats of the aged group than in the young control. There were fewer and smaller afferent vascular buds in the rats of the aged group than in the young control group. The ratio of the non-calcified to the calcified layers in the rats of the aged group significantly decreased, compared with that of the young control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Rats can spontaneously establish intervertebral disc age-related degeneration. The expression of collagen types II and X, numbers and areas of afferent vascular buds, the ratio of the non-calcified to the calcified layers, and water and glycosaminoglycan contents in the nucleus pulposus are sensitive indexes of intervertebral disc degeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Features of intervertebral disc degeneration in rat’s aging process

Zhang

Sun

Liu

et al. 2009

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…There is some evidence that fragments may be more potent in cell signalling than intact molecules [27]. The presence of SLRPs within the IVD has been welldocumented [1,6,12,14,18,30], although as far as we are aware this is the first report of keratocan in human IVD. Whilst during aging and degeneration, the distribution of SLRPs within the disc extracellular matrix has been shown to vary, little has been reported on fragmentation, especially in pathological human discs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A comparative evaluation of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans of pathological human intervertebral discs

Brown¹,

Melrose²,

Caterson³

et al. 2012

Eur Spine J

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Purpose Proteoglycans are important to the functioning of the intervertebral disc. In addition to aggrecan there are the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). These are less common but in other locations their functions include collagen organisation, sequestering growth factors and stimulating inflammation. We have performed a comparative analysis of the SLRP core protein species present in intervertebral discs with various pathologies. Methods Eighteen intervertebral discs from patients with scoliosis (n = 7, 19-53 years), degenerative disc disease (n = 6, 35-51 years) and herniations (n = 5, 33-58 years) were used in this study. Proteoglycans were dissociatively extracted from disc tissues and the SLRPs (biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, keratocan and lumican) assessed by Western blotting following deglycosylation with chondroitinase ABC and keratanase.

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“…An increase of collagen type I is commonly encountered in degenerating discs in vivo. [47][48][49][50][51] Using immunohistochemistry, Le Maitre et al 52 demonstrated the same pattern of collagen types in an unconstrained culture of human discs. Two independent investigations on rabbit disc stab models also demonstrated a degenerative matrix gene expression in the postinterventional course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of diurnal hyperosmotic loading on the metabolism and matrix gene expression of a whole‐organ intervertebral disc model

Haschtmann

Stoyanov

Ferguson

2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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It is generally agreed that the mechanical environment of intervertebral disc cells plays an important role in maintaining a balanced matrix metabolism. The precise mechanism by which the signals are transduced into the cells is poorly understood. Osmotic changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are thought to be involved. Current in-vitro studies on this topic are mostly short-term and show conflicting data on the reaction of disc cells subjected to osmotic changes which is partially due to the heterogenous and often substantially-reduced culture systems. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effects of cyclic osmotic loading for 4 weeks on metabolism and matrix gene expression in a full-organ intervertebral disc culture system. Intervertebral disc/endplate units were isolated from New Zealand White Rabbits and cultured either in iso-osmotic media (335 mosmol/kg) or were diurnally exposed for 8 hours to hyper-osmotic conditions (485 mosmol/kg). Cell viability, metabolic activity, matrix composition and matrix gene expression profile (collagen types I/II and aggrecan) were monitored using Live/Dead cell viability assay, tetrazolium reduction test (WST 8), proteoglycan and DNA quantification assays and quantitative PCR. The results show that diurnal osmotic stimulation did not have significant effects on proteoglycan content, cellularity and disc cell viability after 28 days in culture. However, hyperosmolarity caused increased cell death in the early culture phase and counteracted upregulation of type I collagen gene expression in nucleus and annulus cells. Moreover, the initially decreased cellular dehydrogenase activity recovered with osmotic stimulation after 4 weeks and aggrecan gene down-regulation was delayed, although the latter was not significant according to our statistical criteria. In contrast, collagen type II did not respond to the osmotic changes and was downregulated in both groups. In conclusion, diurnal hyper-osmotic stimulation of a whole-organ disc/ endplate culture partially inhibits a matrix gene expression profile as encountered in degenerative disc disease and counteracts cellular metabolic hypo-activity. ß

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Changes in mRNA and Protein Levels of Proteoglycans of the Anulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus During Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Cited by 185 publications

References 27 publications

Features of intervertebral disc degeneration in rat’s aging process

Features of intervertebral disc degeneration in rat’s aging process

A comparative evaluation of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans of pathological human intervertebral discs

Influence of diurnal hyperosmotic loading on the metabolism and matrix gene expression of a whole‐organ intervertebral disc model

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