Changes in motor cortex excitability for the trained and non-trained hand after long-term unilateral motor training

Preliminary Evidence for Training-Induced Changes of Morphology and Phantom Limb Pain

“…Obviously, the training induced excessive use of the prosthesis carrying extremity might have led to a similar change in our amputees, i.e., a reduced cortical representation of the healthy, non-amputated extremity on the contralateral hemisphere due to the fact that the majority of everyday motor tasks formerly were mastered compensatory with the non-amputated extremity but became mastered during and following training primarily with the prosthesis carrying extremity. An alternative explanation could be seen in the results demonstrated by Grothe et al (2017). These authors could show that an intensive unilateral upper limb motor training resulted in an improved performance of the trained arm.…”

“…For both sides, they showed changes in the intracortical facilitation of M1. This decrease in intracortical facilitation of M1 was associated with a transfer of training-induced improvement of performance from the trained to the untrained hand (Grothe et al, 2017). Therefore, our results in the post-central gyrus ipsilateral to the amputation might alternatively result from a transfer of training-induced improvements for both sides and not from a loss in function of the not-affected and untrained side.…”

Functional MRI in Radiology—A Personal Review

“…In addition, IOT (and here, we used arm ability training [ 47 ] (AAT)) could also be applied in healthy participants to increase their upper limb performance to a considerable extent [ 48 ]. It could be further used to investigate the mechanisms of cortical excitability changes due to the training of the non-dominant upper limb [ 49 ] and for investigating possible cortical modulation of motor training by theta-burst TMS [ 50 ]. It was also successfully combined with somatosensory priming of the fingertips, which even increased the performance in hand-grip force overtraining [ 51 ].…”

Improving performance in an office environment via training the non-dominant hand on the computer mouse: A study of learning curve of the non-dominant hand and the bilateral transfer effect to the dominant hand

“…(Coombs et al, 2016). As discussed in the introduction, previous research has shown bilateral transfer has been seen in a variety of applications (Focke et al, 2016;Grothe et al, 2017;Haaland & Hoff, 2003;Sung et al, 2016;Witkowski et al, 2018). This study differs as it specifically addresses how bilateral transfer of training the non-dominant hand can be used to improve an industry application of the computer mouse in the dominant hand.…”

“…Experienced golfers who trained their non-dominant arm and core for eight weeks, three days a week, for an hour a day, saw an improvement of approximately 9.8% in their drive distance over those who did not have specialized training, and improved drive distance by approximately 4.8% than those who only trained their core (Sung, Park, Kim, Kwon, & Lim, 2016). Further, outside of sports applications, studies have shown bilateral transfer occurred in the hand when training different aiming, steadiness, and finger tapping exercises with the non-dominant hand, as there was a significant decrease in time for both the trained and untrained hand (Grothe et al, 2017). Current research on the effectiveness of bilateral transfer of learning does not have a practical application related to improving performance in industry, which our research addresses.…”