Changes in morphological traits, anatomical and molecular alterations caused by gamma-rays and zinc oxide nanoparticles in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant

Abstract

Spinach seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays after that soaked in zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs) at 0.0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for twenty-four hours at room temperature. Vegetative plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and proline contents were investigated. Also, anatomical studies and the polymorphism by the SCoT technique were conducted. The present results revealed that the germination percentage was at the maximum values for the treatment of 100 ppm ZnO–NPs (92%), followed by 100 ppm ZnO–NPs + 60 Gy (90%). The application of ZnO–NPs resulted in an enhancement in the plant length. The maximum of chlorophylls and carotenoids content was recorded in the treatment, 100 ppm ZnO–NPs + 60 Gy. Meanwhile, the irradiation dose level (60 Gy) with all ZnO–NPs treatments increased proline content and reached its maximum increase to 1.069 mg/g FW for the treatment 60 Gy combined with 200 ppm ZnO–NPs. Also, the anatomical studies declared that there were variations between the treatments; un-irradiated and irradiated combined with ZnO–NPs plants which reveal that the leave epidermal tissue increased with 200 ppm ZnO–NPs in both the upper and lower epidermis. While irradiated plants with 60 Gy combined with 100 ppm ZnO–NPs gave more thickness of upper epidermis. As well as SCoT molecular marker technique effectively induced molecular alterations between the treatments. Where, SCoT primers targeted many new and missing amplicons that are expected to be associated with the lowly and highly expressed genes with 18.2 and 81.8%, respectively. Also, showed that the soaking in ZnO-NPs was helped for reducing molecular alteration rate, both spontaneous and induced by gamma irradiation. This nominates ZnO–NPs as potential nano-protective agents that can reduce irradiation-induced genetic damage.

Analysis of architecture of chrysanthemum plantlets in response to zinc oxide, silver and auxin treatment in shoot-tip culture

“…Possibly, the obtained results for plantlet development would be different, if particles were inside the medium. As was also reported in other studies, the method of nanoparticle application considerably affects plant responses (Aly et al, 2023;Tymoszuk et al, 2022).…”

“…micropropagation (Regni et al, 2022). ZnO NPs, applied at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg • L −1 , positively influenced plant length, leaf length, leaf number, and root length in Spinacia oleracea L. (Aly et al, 2023). e twofold increase in axillary shoot multiplication rate with simultaneous elevation in carbohydrates, total soluble proteins and free amino acids contents was reported in Phoenix dactylifera (L.) Mill.…”

“…NPs are assumed to modify the structural components of cellular membranes and macromolecules, influence cell division and defense systems, and interfere with plant physiological and biochemical processes by altering gene expression (Khan et al, 2021). e interaction between nanoparticles and plant cells depends on the chemical constituting, sizes, shapes, surface covering, reactivity, concentrations, and mode of nanoparticle application, as well as the genotype, age, and developmental phase of a plant (Aly et al, 2023). Our results are in line with other studies revealing both advantages and disadvantages of NPs interactions with plants.…”

Mitigation of Lead (Pb2+) and Cadmium (Cd2+) synthetic wastewater using Datura metel fruit peel biochar- zinc oxide nanocomposite

“…Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles offer numerous advantages in heavy metal removal from the environment. Their nanoscale size provides a large surface area, enabling efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions (Aly et al 2023).…”

Significance of selenium in ameliorating the effects of irrigation deficit via improving photosynthesis efficiency, cell integrity, osmo-protectants, and oil profile of anise crop

“…Morpho-physiological traits After 150 days from planting, nine plants from each treatment were chosen to estimate the morphological characters as; plant height, stem diameter, root length, and shoot fresh and dry weight were measured at the beginning of flowering stage, during February of both seasons (Aly et al, 2023b).…”