Changes in mitochondrial respiration during the development of Xenopus laevis

Løvtrup-Rein, Huguette; Nelson, Lennart

doi:10.1016/0045-6039(82)90002-1

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…ranging from I 1 to 70 pU/pg [12,25]. The value of maximal activity of PDHc measured in the present work is about twentyfold higher than the value derived from the rate of decarboxylation of radioac tive exogenous pyruvate in Xenopus [2], Ac cording to several reports [2][3][4][5]26], glutamic acid, aspartate and alanine represent impor tant sources of energy for amphibian em bryos up to early gastrula. However, at later stages, as carbohydrates (mainly glycogen) become the predominant endogenous oxidizable substrate [1,[27][28][29], the mitochondrial production of reducing equivalents by the Krebs cycle should be increasingly dependent upon the formation of acetyl-CoA via PDHc.…”

Section: Thoman and Gerhartmentioning

confidence: 50%

Changes in Activity of the Regulatory Glycolytic Enzymes and of the Pyruvate-Dehydrogenase Complex during the Development of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Raddatz

Løvtrup-Rein²

1986

Pathobiology

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In this study we investigated the variations of the maximal activities of the rate-controlling glycolytic enzymes (i.e., hexokinase, HK; phosphofructokinase, PFK; pyruvate kinase, PK) and of the pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) during the early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis (from cleavage through hatching). All the enzymatic assays, using different coupled reactions, were performed spectrophotometrically on cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. The maximal HK activity increases markedly from neurulation onwards, PFK activity presents a peak around gastrulation, PK activity remains relatively constant throughout the period studied and the highest PDHc activity is observed during cleavage. The specific activities display the same temporal pattern. Furthermore, in the sequence of reactions by which glucose is degraded to form acetyl-CoA, the maximal activities of PFK and PK are not limiting while those of HK and PDHc could be rate-limiting at relatively late developmental stages (hatching).

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Section: Thoman and Gerhartmentioning

confidence: 50%

Changes in Activity of the Regulatory Glycolytic Enzymes and of the Pyruvate-Dehydrogenase Complex during the Development of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Raddatz

Løvtrup-Rein²

1986

Pathobiology

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“…Taking into account that dry weights as well as total protein in amphibian embryos have similar values during all ontogenetic stages ( Herkovits et al 1983 ), the stage-dependent increase in O 2 consumption appears to directly reflect metabolic changes as development advances. This conclusion is supported by a shift in mitochondrial enzymes toward aerobic metabolism at the gastrula stage ( Lovtrup-Rein and Nelson 1982 ).…”

Section: Evolutionary Environmental Change and The Metabolic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 79%

Evoecotoxicology: Environmental Changes and Life Features Development duringthe Evolutionary Process—the Record of the Past at DevelopmentalStages of Living Organisms

Herkovits

2006

Environ Health Perspect

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For most of evolutionary history, scientific understanding of the environment and life forms is extremely limited. In this commentary I discuss the hypothesis that ontogenetic features of living organisms can be considered biomarkers of coevolution between organisms and physicochemical agents during Earth’s history. I provide a new vision of evolution based on correlations between metabolic features and stage-dependent susceptibility of organisms to physicochemical agents with well-known environmental signatures. Thus, developmental features potentially reflect environmental changes during evolution. From this perspective, early multicellular life forms would have flourished in the anoxic Earth more than 2 billion years ago, which is at least 1.2 billion years in advance of available fossil evidence. The remarkable transition to aerobic metabolism in gastrula-stage embryos potentially reflects evolution toward tridermic organisms by 2 billion years ago. Noteworthy changes in embryonic resistance to physicochemical agents at different developmental stages that can be observed in living organisms potentially reflect the influence of environmental stress conditions during different periods of evolutionary history. Evoecotoxicology, as a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach, can enhance our understanding of evolution, including the phylogenetic significance of differences in susceptibility/resistance to physicochemical agents in different organisms.

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“…Thermal dissipation increases logarithmically during gastrulation, whereas it increases gradually after the inflection point to tailbud stage, forming an S-shaped curve. Metabolism switches from embryonic to adult during gastrulation [29]; this metabolic switch is associated with mitochondrial differentiation [30,31] and a significant increase in yolk consumption [32]. Therefore, the inflection point may reflect the switching from embryonic to adult metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-independent energy expenditure in early development of the African clawed frogXenopus laevis

Nagano

Ode

2014

Phys. Biol.

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The thermal dissipation of activated eggs and embryos undergoing development from cleavage to the tailbud stage of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis was measured as a function of incubation time at temperatures ranging from T = 288.2 K to 295.2 K, using a high-precision isothermal calorimeter. A23187-mediated activation of mature eggs induced stable periodic thermal oscillations lasting for 8-34 h. The frequency agreed well with the cell cycle frequency of initial cleavages at the identical temperature. In the developing embryo, energy metabolism switches from embryonic to adult features during gastrulation. The thermal dissipation after gastrulation fit well with a single modified Avrami equation, which has been used for modeling crystal-growth. Both the oscillation frequency of the activated egg and the growth rate of the embryo strongly depend on temperature with the same apparent activation energy of approximately 87 kJ mole(-1). This result suggests that early development proceeds as a single biological time, attributable to a single metabolic rate. A temperature-independent growth curve was derived by scaling the thermogram to the biological time, indicating that the amount of energy expenditure during each developmental stage is constant over the optimal temperature range.

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Changes in mitochondrial respiration during the development of Xenopus laevis

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in Activity of the Regulatory Glycolytic Enzymes and of the Pyruvate-Dehydrogenase Complex during the Development of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Changes in Activity of the Regulatory Glycolytic Enzymes and of the Pyruvate-Dehydrogenase Complex during the Development of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Evoecotoxicology: Environmental Changes and Life Features Development duringthe Evolutionary Process—the Record of the Past at DevelopmentalStages of Living Organisms

Temperature-independent energy expenditure in early development of the African clawed frogXenopus laevis

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