Changes in Middle Latency Auditory-Evoked Potentials of the Rat Exposed to Styrene.

Wang, Yuping; Saito, Takeshi; Hosokawa, Toshiyuki; Kurasaki, Masaaki; Saito, Kazuo

doi:10.1248/jhs.47.175

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…Styrene and other simple aromatic chemicals such as toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes have been linked to hearing loss in the workplace, particularly in conjunction with exposure to noise (Fechter 1999;Hormozi et al 2017;Johnson 2007;Johnson et al 2006;Lawton, Hoffmann, and Triebig 2006;Metwally et al 2012;Morata et al 2011;Sisto et al 2016Sisto et al , 2013Śliwińska-Kowalska et al 2005;Tognola et al 2015;Triebig, Bruckner, and Seeber 2009;Triebig et al 2001). The evidence base is reasonably robust for this effect, and supported by a number of high-quality toxicological and mechanistic animal studies (Campo et al 1999(Campo et al , 2001(Campo et al , 2003(Campo et al , 2011(Campo et al , 2014Chen et al 2007;Chen, Tanaka, and Henderson 2008;Chen and Henderson 2009;Loquet, Campo, and Lataye 1999;Fetoni et al 2016;Gagnaire and Langlais 2005;Gagnaire et al 2006;Lataye, Campo, and Loquet 2000;Lataye et al 2001Lataye et al , 2003Lataye et al , 2004Mäkitie et al 2002;Pouyatos et al 2004;Pouyatos, Campo, and Lataye 2005;Venet et al 2015;Wang et al 2001;Yang et al 200...…”

Section: Non-cancer Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Banton

Bus

Collins

et al. 2019

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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The potential chronic health risks of occupational and environmental exposure to styrene were evaluated to update health hazard and exposure information developed since the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis risk assessment for styrene was performed in 2002. The updated hazard assessment of styrene's health effects indicates human cancers and ototoxicity remain potential concerns. However, mechanistic research on mouse lung tumors demonstrates these tumors are mouse-specific and of low relevance to human cancer risk. The updated toxicity database supports toxicity reference levels of 20 ppm (equates to 400 mg urinary metabolites mandelic acid + phenylglyoxylic acid/g creatinine) for worker inhalation exposure and 3.7 ppm and 2.5 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, for general population inhalation and oral exposure. No cancer risk value estimates are proposed given the established lack of relevance of mouse lung tumors and inconsistent epidemiology evidence. The updated exposure assessment supports inhalation and ingestion routes as important. The updated risk assessment found estimated risks within acceptable ranges for all age groups of the general population and workers with occupational exposures in non-fiber-reinforced polymer composites industries and fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRP) workers using closedmold operations or open-mold operations with respiratory protection. Only FRP workers using open-mold operations not using respiratory protection have risk exceedances for styrene and should be considered for risk management measures. In addition, given the reported interaction of styrene exposure with noise, noise reduction to sustain levels below 85 dB(A) needs be in place.

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Section: Non-cancer Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Banton

Bus

Collins

et al. 2019

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Derivation of safe health-based exposure limits for potential consumer exposure to styrene migrating into food from food containers

Gelbke¹,

Banton

Faes

et al. 2014

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Residual styrene present in polystyrene food packaging may migrate into food at low levels. To assure safe use, safe exposure levels are derived for consumers potentially exposed via food using No/Low Adverse Effect Levels from animal and human studies and assessment factors proposed by European organisations (EFSA, ECHA, ECETOC). Ototoxicity and developmental toxicity in rats and human ototoxicity and effects on colour discrimination have been identified as the most relevant toxicological properties for styrene health assessments. Safe exposure levels derived from animal studies with assessment factors of EFSA and ECHA were expectedly much lower than those using the ECETOC approach. Comparable safe exposure levels were obtained from human data with all sets of assessment factors while ototoxicity in rats led to major differences. The safe exposure levels finally selected based on criteria of science and health protection converged to the range of 90-120 mg/person/d. Assuming a consumption of 1 kg food/d for an adult, this translates to 90 mg styrene migration into 1 kg food as safe for consumers. This assessment supports a health based Specific Migration Limit of 90 ppm, a value somewhat higher than the current overall migration limit of 60 ppm in the European Union.

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Changes in Middle Latency Auditory-Evoked Potentials of the Rat Exposed to Styrene.

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Derivation of safe health-based exposure limits for potential consumer exposure to styrene migrating into food from food containers

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