Changes in metacarpal bone mineral density with age and menopause using computed X-ray densitometry in Japanese women: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Abstract

The change model for premenopausal women using cross-sectional data is beneficial in evaluating the actual metacarpal BMD variability, whereas that for postmenopausal women is insufficient in estimating the longitudinal BMD variability.

Depression, fracture risk, and bone loss: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

“…Interestingly, the association in studies that included women only appeared to be less robust than the association in the studies that included both men and women; the effect size was not significant. A possible reason for this effect is that aging and menopause play significant roles in BMD reduction [28][29][30][31], which subsequently increases fracture risk [32]. All participants in the subgroup of women only were more than 50 years old and should be postmenopausal; the other subgroups included men and young persons (youngest was 25 years old) [8].…”

Depression and low bone mineral density: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

“…Interestingly, the BMD difference in studies with older participants (mean age, ≥45 years) is less than in studies with younger participants, and the difference is not significant. A possible reason for this effect is that aging plays a significant role in BMD reduction [31][32][33][34][35][36], and older people who had BMD reduction due to aging might [14] was excluded because the variance is estimated due to complicated sample design b Kahl et al [16] was excluded c Yazici et al [25] was excluded d Amsterdam and Hooper [22], Kavuncu et al [23], and Kahl et al [16] were excluded e Mussolino et al [14] and Whooley et al [20,24] were excluded not have survived if they also had BMD reduction attributable to significant depression. Survival bias may explain the difference in BMD reduction between age groups.…”

Bone Mineral Density in Schizophrenia

“…In previous reports, BMD was believed to have gradually decreased significantly in different sites with cut-point of age 40 in both males and females. 30 , 31 Furthermore, that study did not carry out a further detailed investigation into the possible effect of different antipsychotics on BMD, and the divergent effect on prolactin levels.…”