Changes in metabolites with harvest times of seedlings of various Korean oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and their neuraminidase inhibitory effects

Woo, So-Yeun; Yang, Ji Yeong; Lee, Han-Gyeol; Ahn, Hyoung Jae; Lee, Yong-Bok; Hee, Sun; Kim, Jeong‐Yoon; Seo, Woo Duck

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131429

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Seedlings were harvested on the 8th day, washed once with sterile deionized water, and then freeze-dried at −78 °C. The dried oat seedlings were grounded finely with a grinder, put into circulation with aqueous fermented ethanol (50%), and extracted by stirring for 10 h at a 45 °C temperature [ 28 ]. After filtering and centrifugation, the supernatant was concentrated by spray drying.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Oat Seedlings against Alzheimer’s Disease

Lee

Yang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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The physiological or dietary advantages of germinated grains have been the subject of numerous discussions over the past decade. Around 23 million tons of oats are consumed globally, making up a sizeable portion of the global grain market. Oat seedlings contain more protein, beta-glucan, free amino acids, and phenolic compounds than seeds. The progressive neurodegenerative disorder of Alzheimer’s is accompanied by worsening memory and cognitive function. A key indicator of this disorder is the unusual buildup of amyloid-beta protein (or Aβ) in human brains. In this context, oat seedling extract (OSE) has been identified as a new therapeutic candidate for AD, due to its antioxidant activity and AD-specific mechanism of action. This study directly investigated how OSE affected AD and its impacts by examining the cognitive function and exploring the inflammatory response mechanism. The dried oat seedlings were grounded finely with a grinder, inserted with 50% fermented ethanol 10 times (w/v), and extracted by stirring for 10 h at 45 °C. After filtering the extract by 0.22 um filter, some of it was used for UHPLC analysis. The results indicated that the treatment with OSE protects against Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity in BV2 cells. Tg-5Xfad AD mice had strong deposition of Aβ throughout their brains, while WT mice did not exhibit any such deposition within their brains. A drastic reduction was observed in terms of numbers, as well as the size, of Aβ plaques within Tg-5Xfad AD mice exposed to OSE. This study indicated OSE’s neuroprotective impacts against neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-beta. Our results suggest that OSE acts as a neuroprotective agent to combat AD-specific apoptotic cell death, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta accumulation, as well as synaptic dysfunction in AD mice’s brains. Furthermore, the study indicated that OSE treatment affects JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling, with considerable inhibition in p-JNK, p-p38, and p-ERK levels seen in the brain of OSE-treated Tg-5Xfad AD mice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Oat Seedlings against Alzheimer’s Disease

Lee

Yang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Oat seedlings (cultivar: Gwanghan) were grown at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), the Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea. The growth conditions were carried out as we reported previously [ 18 ]. A plant culture chamber using soil was used, and the temperature was maintained at 18–20°C and humidity at 60–70%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e column oven was 35 °C, the solvent flow was 1.0 ml/min, and the gradient was as follows: 0-3 min, 15% B; 9 min, 20% B; 16 min, 22% B; 20 min, 30% B; 36 min, 45% B; 38 min, 90% B; 40 min, 90% B; 42.1 min, 15% held for 9.9 min before returning to the initial conditions. Conventional methods were used for the identification and analysis of compounds, and standard retention times were compared for identification [18]. (Supplementary Materials)…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, oat seedlings have significantly increased protein content, beta-glucan levels, free amino acids, and phenolic compounds compared to that in seeds and contain various secondary metabolites [ 16 , 17 ]. Especially, we have previously identified 11 polyphenolic compounds of oat seedlings and then selected oats seedlings cultivars with high metabolite content [ 18 ]. Also, we have studied the effects of avena furanol and diosgenin, secondary metabolites of sprouted oats, on osteoclast differentiation [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oat Seedlings Extract Inhibits RANKL-Induced c-Fos/NFATc1 Transcription Factors in the Early Stage of Osteoclast Differentiation

Yang

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Osteoporosis is a common disease that increases the risk of fractures due to decreased bone density and weakens the bone microstructure. Preventing and diagnosing osteoporosis using the available drugs can be a costly affair with possible side effects. Therefore, natural product-derived therapeutics are promising alternatives. Our study demonstrated that the oat seedlings’ extract (OSE) inhibited the receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). The OSE treatment significantly attenuated the RANKL-mediated induction of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity as well as the number of TRAP-positive (TRAP+) multinucleated cells (MNCs) counted through the TRAP staining in a dose-dependent manner. It was also confirmed that the OSE suppressed the formation of the TRAP + MNCs in the early stage of differentiation and not in the middle and late stages. The results of the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the western blotting showed that the OSE dramatically inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of the osteoclastogenesis-mediated transcription factors such as the c-Fos and the nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). In addition, the OSE strongly attenuated the mRNA induction of the c-Fos/NFATc1-dependent molecules such as the TRAP, the osteoclast-associatedimmunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR), the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), and the cathepsin K. These results suggest that the naturally derived OSE may be useful for preventing bone diseases.

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“…Plant origin, morphological part, cultivar, and growing conditions impact the storage of secondary metabolites. The approach of Woo et al [58] of fifteen cultivars in oats showed the variation by cultivars and harvesting days of phenolic content from 3748.4 to 5700.0 mg/100 g [58]. Enzyme usage usually requires low temperatures, usually 50-60 • C; short extraction periods of up to several hours, waste-free production possibilities, reduced substrate specificity, allowing extraction of many bioactive compounds, otherwise, were made inaccessible.…”

Section: Hemicellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

Štreimikytė

Viškelis

2022

IJMS

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The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.

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Changes in metabolites with harvest times of seedlings of various Korean oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and their neuraminidase inhibitory effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

The Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Oat Seedlings against Alzheimer’s Disease

The Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Oat Seedlings against Alzheimer’s Disease

Oat Seedlings Extract Inhibits RANKL-Induced c-Fos/NFATc1 Transcription Factors in the Early Stage of Osteoclast Differentiation

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

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