Changes in metabolites in plant roots after inoculation with Meloidogyne incognita

Campos, Viviane Aparecida Costa; Machado, Alan Rodrigues Teixeira; Oliveira, Denilson F.; Campos, Vicente Paulo; Chagas, Rafael César Russo; Nunes, Alexandro da Silva

doi:10.1163/156854111x614494

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This metabolite production can either be a pre-formed defense mechanism or start after signals alerting about possible nematode penetration. 6 Nematicidal evaluations of Annona extracts have been performed. 7 However, there are no metabolomic studies at the moment that correlate the resistance of Annona to nematodes with any particular metabolite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR-Based Metabolomic Screening for Metabolites Associated with Resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in Annona muricata Roots

Machado¹,

Medeiros²,

Filho³

et al. 2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The resistance of Annona muricata roots to the nematode Meloidogyne javanica was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). Metabolic changes in roots exposed and not exposed to the nematode were evaluated and compared. In addition, the presence of nematicidal compounds in the root extracts was investigated through in vitro assay against Meloidogyne javanica secondstage juveniles. Plants exposed to nematodes showed significant changes in their metabolism after 24 h. Several resistance-related metabolites, including dopamine, xanthine and aromatic compounds, could be identified in the roots with the joint analysis of 1D/2D NMR and the loadings of PC3 (17.8%). A. muricata root chloroform extract, containing mainly acetogenins, has shown nematostatic activity against M. javanica, suggesting that a pre-formed defense mechanism can support the reported resistance. For the first time, metabolomic studies allowed to identify induced and pre-formed defense mechanisms and their related metabolites in Annona muricata.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR-Based Metabolomic Screening for Metabolites Associated with Resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in Annona muricata Roots

Machado¹,

Medeiros²,

Filho³

et al. 2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…At time interval of 0, 24, 48, and 96 h after inoculation, the roots were removed, washed, frozen and freeze-dried for subsequent quantification of aminoacids, phenols, alkalods, and soluble carbohydrates. The result showed that the concentration of amino acids and phenols has increased after inoculation with M. incognita in resistant tomato (Campos et al, 2012). The highest concentration of phenols was recorded at 96 h after inoculation.…”

Section: Induced Resistancementioning

confidence: 93%

“…(Molinari and Baser, 2010). Plant secondary metabolites influence the behaviour of root-knot nematodes (Campos et al, 2012;Dutta et al, 2012). A study was conducted to investigate the effect of small lipophilic molecules (SLM), root exudates of S. lycopersicum, on RKN.…”

Section: Induced Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Mechanisms of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species)

Wubie¹,

Temesgen²

2019

J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci.

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Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are the most devastating and as such they cause significant yield loss in tomato production. They are widely distributed in major tomato producing areas especially in warm climatic conditions. Because of the environmental impact of the application of pesticides, the use of nematode resistant varieties is becoming the most effective alternative to control root-knot nematodes. Several resistance genes are identified from wild tomato and other species. However, Mi-1 resistance gene is the only well characterized and used in many commercial tomato cultivars. A single dominant gene (Mi-1) with a hypersensitive response (HR), which is characterized by a local cell death at the site of nematode penetration and necrotic lesions of the surrounding tissue controls the resistance. Thus, Mi-1 gene either inhibits the penetration of second juvenile stage (J2), reduces number of gall formation, or reduces further development and reproduction rate of the nematode. However, the gene is a temperature dependent and broken by the virulent pathotypes. Plant growth hormones such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are involved in induced resistance, which is activated after infection. Secondary plant metabolites including amino acids, phenols, and lipophilic molecules were increased in resistant varieties as defense mechanism. The durability of the Mi-gene is a major concern since the resistance lost at high temperature. Heat stable resistance gene (Mi-9) is identified from Solannum arcanum. Hence, pyramiding of the resistance genes in commercial cultivars and genetic modification of plant metabolites might improve the durability of the gene.

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“…on sugar beet are already well established and successful. A suspension of second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs is inoculated in holes surrounding young sugar beet seedlings (Toxopeus & Lubberts, 1970;Wong & Mai, 1973;Campos et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of resistance against Ditylenchus dipsaci on sugar beet

Storelli¹

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The stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn 1857) Filipjev 1936 is a migratory endoparasite ranked in the top ten plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide. Ditylenchus dipsaci has emerged as an economically threatening pest in the European sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. In Germany and Switzerland, some major sugar beet growing regions are particularly affected by D. dipsaci. The nematode migrates into the plant in the spring and reproduces in the hypocotyl during the growing season. Soil-borne pathogens introduced by D. dipsaci leads to crown root rotting and plant death. The broad range of host plants of D. dipsaci hinders crop rotation strategies for a successful management of this nematode. To date, no sugar beet cultivars carrying resistance towards D. dipsaci are available for sugar beet producers, depriving them of effective measures against this nematode. The lack of control measures and the growing public demand for sustainable sugar production have encouraged breeders to develop resistant cultivars. For this reason, this thesis aimed to investigate resistance against D. dipsaci on sugar beet. Before investigating the interaction between sugar beet and the nematode, the development of an in vivo test system was required. It aimed to replace above-ground D. dipsaci inoculation with a soil inoculation more closely related to field conditions. The most suitable inoculation time point, inoculum level, and positioning on sugar beets, as well as rearing process on carrots, were determined. At a 15:8°C day:night temperature regime, penetration rates of D. dipsaci into sugar beet seedlings were at maximum following soil inoculation at plant emergence. High soil moisture increased nematode migration into seedlings when D. dipsaci inoculation was carried out in four holes 1 cm from the plant base. The nematode suspension was previously reared for 35 days on carrot discs to obtain active D. dipsaci inoculum. To find potentially resistant sugar beet restricting reproduction and penetration of D. dipsaci, in vivo bioassays were carried out with 15 pre‑breeding populations and 79 breeding lines. It could be demonstrated that none of the genotypes showed complete resistance towards D. dipsaci. However, a high variation of the penetration rate by D. dipsaci was observed among the genotypes. They also responded differently to the fresh biomass reduction caused by the nematode combined with soil-borne pathogens. Based on these results, candidates for partial resistance were further investigated in microplot experiments conducted in the Rhineland (DE) and Seeland (CH) regions. The sugar beet genotype effect on D. dipsaci penetration could not be validated. The genotypes did not show a sufficient tolerance towards the rotting of the plant tissue. Nematode pathogenicity and virulence differed depending on experiment locations and years. Finally, virulence and pathogenicity of four D. dipsaci populations were investigated under in vivo conditions. No difference was found in D. dipsaci penetration rate into sugar beet seedlings. However, Seeland (CH) population showed a significantly higher reproduction on sugar beets than the others populations, validating observations obtained in microplot experiments.

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Changes in metabolites in plant roots after inoculation with Meloidogyne incognita

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

NMR-Based Metabolomic Screening for Metabolites Associated with Resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in Annona muricata Roots

NMR-Based Metabolomic Screening for Metabolites Associated with Resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in Annona muricata Roots

Resistance Mechanisms of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species)

Investigation of resistance against Ditylenchus dipsaci on sugar beet

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