Changes in meningococcal C epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness after vaccine introduction and schedule modification

Reduction inNeisseria meningitidisinfection in Italy after Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine introduction: A time trend analysis of 1994–2012 series

“…[11][12][13][14] As also observed by Mooney et al 14 , the reversal of the increasing trend of serogroup C related IMD was simultaneous with the timing of MCC introduction and, therefore, likely attributable to it. The impact of MCC was investigated in many other European and Italian regional studies [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] which showed an important decrease in N. meningitidis C related IMD and a vaccine effectiveness as high as 100% depending on the age group and on the time elapsed from vaccination. A downward trend in serogroup C related IMD was also confirmed by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in countries with MCC vaccination.…”

Clinical and Epidemiological Differences Among Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine Failures and Non-Vaccinated Cases

“…Previous studies developed by our group were focused on assess vaccine effectiveness of meningococcal C disease [4,18]. It is known that vaccine failures are more frequent at younger ages.…”

“…Recently, we have published the results of a nationwide vaccine effectiveness study including all cases targeted for vaccination in Spain since the introduction of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine from January 1 st of 2001 till the end of 2013 [4,18]. Methodology for the selection of cases targeted for vaccination from those notified to the National Surveillance System has been described in our previous studies [4,18].…”

“…Methodology for the selection of cases targeted for vaccination from those notified to the National Surveillance System has been described in our previous studies [4,18]. The same cases included in the vaccine effectiveness studies were included in this study.…”

“…Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine effectiveness has been widely evaluated in different epidemiological studies [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In those studies vaccine effectiveness obtained was high and increased with the age of vaccination.…”