Changes in Memory and Metacognition in Older Adulthood 1

Siegel, Alexander L. M.; Whatley, Mary C.; Hargis, Mary B.; Castel, Alan D.

doi:10.4324/9780429343780-3

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Schematic knowledge is preserved in healthy aging and is believed to be a major aid to memory when episodic details are forgotten (Siegel et al, 2020). Informally, participants reported drawing on their knowledge to solve all of these decision scenarios, especially the recognition (65%) and representativeness heuristic scenarios (66%) (see Supplemental Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heuristic decision-making across adulthood.

Taylor¹,

Marsh²,

Samanez-Larkin³

2023

Psychology and Aging

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In general, research on aging and decision-making has grown in recent years. Yet, little work has investigated how reliance on classic heuristics may differ across adulthood. For example, younger adults rely on the availability of information from memory when judging the relative frequency of plane crashes versus car accidents, but it is unclear if older adults are similarly reliant on this heuristic. In the present study, participants aged 20–90 years old made judgments that could be answered by relying on five different heuristics: anchoring, availability, recognition, representativeness, and sunk-cost bias. We found no evidence of age-related differences in the use of the classic heuristics—younger and older adults employed anchoring, availability, recognition, and representativeness to equal degrees in order to make decisions. However, replicating past work, we found age-related differences in the sunk-cost bias—older adults were more likely to avoid this fallacy compared to younger adults. We explain these different patterns by drawing on the distinctive roles that stored knowledge and personal experience likely play across heuristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heuristic decision-making across adulthood.

Taylor¹,

Marsh²,

Samanez-Larkin³

2023

Psychology and Aging

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“…Aging research has shown that SM declines less than EM (Koen & Yonelinas, 2014; Siegel et al, 2020) and that SM increasingly supports EM (Amer et al, 2018; Devitt et al, 2017; Mohanty et al, 2016). Reciprocally, this suggests two predictions for age‐related changes in the interrelation between brand‐related semantic and episodic memory.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many EMs include a subjective perspective and personal history, and these are called autobiographical memories (AMs) (Fivush, 2011). When consumers make brand‐related decisions, SM and EM may inform decisions differentially (Herz & Brunk, 2017; Ratnayake et al, 2010), and EM is especially susceptible to aging, while SM is relatively robust (Koen & Yonelinas, 2014; Siegel et al, 2020). In this respect, prior consumer research demonstrated that supporting SM—for example, by presenting brand names with more meaningful or semantically related pictorial logos (Mohanty et al, 2016) or by presenting grocery product‐price associations with realistic (meaningful) compared to unrealistic prices (Amer et al, 2018)— can, in turn, help older adults to overcome deficits in remembering episodic details.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older adults notice, for instance, that doing calculations in one's head gets harder (working memory), word‐finding difficulties occur more frequently (SM) and remembering the details of past events becomes more challenging (EM). Yet, aging does not deteriorate all levels of memory equally (see Park & Festini, 2017; Siegel et al, 2020 for reviews). For example, a meta‐analysis of 25 long‐term memory studies in the context of cognitively healthy aging (Koen & Yonelinas, 2014) found large age‐related declines in remembering episodic details, while the losses in familiarity‐based knowing were small or negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging research has developed a number of theories explaining these (selective) declines in memory performance (see Park & Festini, 2017; Siegel et al, 2020 for reviews). These include (a) a general slowdown in cognitive processing speed, (b) fewer and less accessible cognitive resources, (c) deficits in inhibiting irrelevant information—all as a consequence of continued degeneration of neural networks— and (d) a local deterioration of prefrontal brain regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Older and more personal: Stronger links between brand‐name recall and brand‐related autobiographical memories in older consumers

Thomä

Wechsler

2021

Psychology and Marketing

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Successful recall of brand names often determines consumer decisions. Yet, unaided recall fails increasingly as adult consumers get older, which is a threat to brand awareness in aging societies. Still, consumer research has not explored if personally relevant episodic memories consumers associate with a brand can support brand‐name memory when consumers age. This study, therefore, explores how cognitive aging affects the links between the recall of brand names from semantic memory and the subjective quality of brand‐related autobiographical memories (AMs). Experimental data from 20‐ to 33‐year‐old and 60‐ to 90‐year‐old participants suggest that consumers associate successfully recalled brand names with more significant, phenomenologically richer AMs, and that this connection between semantic and episodic memory is stronger in older adults. We discuss how research and brand communication could utilize AMs to further understand and reduce negative impacts of aging on brand awareness.

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Memory and Reward-Based Learning: A Value-Directed Remembering Perspective

Knowlton

Castel

2022

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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The ability to prioritize valuable information is critical for the efficient use of memory in daily life. When information is important, we engage more effective encoding mechanisms that can better support retrieval. Here, we describe a dual-mechanism framework of value-directed remembering in which both strategic and automatic processes lead to differential encoding of valuable information. Strategic processes rely on metacognitive awareness of effective deep encoding strategies that allow younger and healthy older adults to selectively remember important information. In contrast, some high-value information may also be encoded automatically in the absence of intention to remember, but this may be more impaired in older age. These different mechanisms are subserved by different neural substrates, with left-hemisphere semantic processing regions active during the strategic encoding of high-value items, and automatic enhancement of encoding of high-value items may be supported by activation of midbrain dopaminergic projections to the hippocampal region. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Changes in Memory and Metacognition in Older Adulthood 1

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Heuristic decision-making across adulthood.

Heuristic decision-making across adulthood.

Older and more personal: Stronger links between brand‐name recall and brand‐related autobiographical memories in older consumers

Memory and Reward-Based Learning: A Value-Directed Remembering Perspective

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