Changes in Major Phenolic Compounds of Seeds, Skins, and Pulps from Various Vitis spp. and the Effect of Powdery and Downy Mildew Diseases on Their Levels in Grape Leaves

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to determine the contents of 3 major phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin) in 22 different grape cultivars/hybrids obtained from 2 different breeding programs. Additionally, changes in these phenolic components in the grape leaves of some resistant/tolerant species were determined in relation to powdery and downy mildew diseases in viticulture. The skin, pulp, and seeds of grape berries were analysed over two years, while changes in the phenolic contents of grape leaves were determined before and after these diseases for two years. The major phenolic contents of new hybrids/cultivars were compared with those of popular cultivars in different parts of the grapes, and significant differences in phenolic contents were found among hybrids/cultivars and different grape parts. Variations in the contents of phenolics in grape seeds, skins, and pulp were high, but seeds contained higher levels of these phenolics than pulp and skin. Analyses of the relationship between two viticultural diseases and phenolic changes in resistant/tolerant cultivars in relation with the susceptible “Italia” cultivar revealed that an increase in the content of the phenolic compounds was found after powdery mildew disease. Hybrids/cultivars with high phenolic contents are recommended to develop new superior cultivars, which are resistant to grape fungal diseases, in breeding programs.

Mixtures of Macro and Micronutrients Control Grape Powdery Mildew and Alter Berry Metabolites

“…Romero-Pérez et al [ 94 ] showed that the content of trans-resveratrol was considerably increased in grape berries infected with powdery mildew, and the degree of infection was positively related to their stilbene content. Naturally mildew-infected grape berries and leaves exhibited an increase in cis-resveratrol and catechin [ 26 , 95 ].…”

Secondary and primary metabolites reveal putative resistance-associated biomarkers against Erysiphe necator in resistant grapevine genotypes

“…Despite the broad interest in more sustainable agriculture, metabolomics studies performed so far have focused on understanding the mechanism of grapevine defense against downy mildew, while only a limited number of investigations focused on E. necator ( Pimentel et al., 2021 ). Recent studies have shown the mechanisms underlying the synergy between metabolomics and various omics approaches ( Maia et al., 2020 ; Pimentel et al., 2021 ; Sosa-Zuniga et al., 2022 ; Yin et al., 2022 ), the metabolic differences in the composition of the berries and leaves in several grapevine cultivars ( Atak et al., 2021 ; Rienth et al., 2021 ) as well as control of the pathogen ( Gur et al., 2022 ).…”

Changes in Phenolic Acid Levels in Wheat Cultivars Inoculated with Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 1

“…There is a relationship between increased resistance in plants and high content of phenolic compounds that play an important role in plant resistance to plant pathogens. The role of these compounds in plant resistance to fungal pathogens is prominent (Atak et al, 2021). Heim et al (2002) reported that the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds have been attributed to their antioxidant activity.…”