Changes in lipid and carnitine concentrations following repeated fasting-refeeding in mice

Kang, Se Wha; Ahn, Eun Mi; Cha, Youn‐Soo

doi:10.4162/nrp.2010.4.6.477

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, RES cows showed an increase of LDL-C plasma concentration during the period of feed restriction. These results are consistent with a fasting-refeeding study conducted in mice which also reported an increased serum LDL-C [ 18 ]. This increased LDL-C concentration is likely a consequence of the enhanced export of VLDL from the liver, enabled by the anabolic state of the metabolism, and their subsequent modification to LDL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Response of the Cholesterol Metabolism to a Negative Energy Balance in Dairy Cows Depends on the Lactational Stage

et al. 2015

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The response of cholesterol metabolism to a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction for 3 weeks starting at 100 days in milk (DIM) compared to the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 postpartum (p.p.) was investigated in 50 dairy cows (25 control (CON) and 25 feed-restricted (RES)). Blood samples, liver biopsies and milk samples were taken in week 1 p.p., and in weeks 0 and 3 of feed restriction. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (C), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TAG), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in RES cows from week 0 to 3 during feed restriction and were higher in week 3 compared to CON cows. In contrast, during the physiologically occurring NEB in week 1 p.p., C, PL, TAG and lipoprotein concentrations were at a minimum. Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities did not differ between week 0 and 3 for both groups, whereas during NEB in week 1 p.p. PLTP activity was increased and LCAT activity was decreased. Milk C concentration was not affected by feed restriction in both groups, whereas milk C mass was decreased in week 3 for RES cows. In comparison, C concentration and mass in milk were elevated in week 1 p.p. Hepatic mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding factor-2 (SREBF-2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1 (HMGCS1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) were similar in CON and RES cows during feed restriction, but were upregulated during NEB in week 1 p.p. compared to the non-lactating stage without a NEB. In conclusion, cholesterol metabolism in dairy cows is affected by nutrient and energy deficiency depending on the stage of lactation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Response of the Cholesterol Metabolism to a Negative Energy Balance in Dairy Cows Depends on the Lactational Stage

et al. 2015

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“…We next tested whether R17 was able to inhibit adipogenesis/lipogenesis in vivo with effects on lipid metabolism in fast/refeeding mice, a well-recognized animal model of stimulated de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue and the liver. − After 24 h of fasting, mice were given either R17 (20 mg kg –1 , i.p.) or vehicle (saline) followed by 12 h of refeeding with a high fructose diet to stimulate de novo lipogenesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rutaecarpine Analogues Reduce Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes via Inhibiting Adipogenesis/Lipogenesis with AMPK Activation and UPR Suppression

Chen

Zeng

et al. 2013

ACS Chem. Biol.

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Obesity is characterized by expansion of adipose tissue, which results from an increase in adipocyte number (adipogenesis) and adipocyte size (lipogenesis). A reversal of these processes has been suggested to be a potential antiobetic therapy. Rutaecarpine (Rut) and its novel analogues (R17 and R18) were identified to exert potent effect in reducing lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with little cytotoxicity. All three compounds reduced lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, while R17 and R18 exhibited much more potent inhibitory effects compared to that of Rut. Further studies showed that R17 suppressed both adipogenesis and lipogenesis during all stages of adipocyte differentiation as indicated by the reduced protein and mRNA levels of key regulators of adipogenesis/lipogenesis, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, ACC, FAS, and SCD-1. We next examined the effect of R17 on the UPR pathway and the results showed that the UPR markers (PERK, eIF2α, IRE1α, and spliced XBP1 mRNA) were all significantly reduced by R17. Further studies revealed that R17 persistently activated AMPK during differentiation, suggesting that the AMPK may be an upstream mechanism for the effect of R17 on adipogenesis and lipogenesis via the adipogenic/lipogenic markers and the UPR pathway. Finally, studies in fast/refeeding mice demonstrated that R17 administration was able to reduce epididymal fat mass and the levels of plasma TG and FFA in vivo. Our results suggest that rutaecarpine analogues may have therapeutic potential for obesity and related metabolic disorders. The mechanism involves the suppression of adipogenic/lipogenic proteins and the suppression of the UPR pathway possibly via the AMPK.

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“…A previous study reported that infants showed low carnitine levels after 7 -10 days of parenteral nutrition without carnitine supplementation 29) . In mouse experiments, no differences in TG levels in the liver were observed among nonfasting, fasting, and fasting/refeeding groups 30) . However, repeated fasting/refeeding significantly reduced serum TG, carnitine, and acylcarnitine concentrations in the fasting/refeeding group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Comparison of metabolic parameters between oral and total parenteral nutrition in children with severe eating disorders

Suzuki,

Itagaki,

Nodera

et al. 2024

FJMS

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Background : This study investigated changes of lipid parameters in children with severe eating disorders during refeeding in order to explore the optimal timing for lipid preparation administration. Methods : We prospectively assessed the physical conditions of patients with eating disorders after the start of nutrition therapy. The assessments were performed at admission and at 2 and 4 weeks. Lipid metabolism was assessed based on triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free carnitine (FC) levels, as well as acylcarnitine/free carnitine (AC/FC) ratio. Results : A total of 18 patients were included. Of these, 12 and 6 received an oral diet (OD group) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN group), respectively. The mean body mass indexes at hospital admission were 12.8 kg/m 2 in the OD group and 12.7 kg/m 2 in the TPN group. At 2 weeks after the start of refeeding, TC, TG, and AC/FC levels were significantly lower in the TPN group than in the OD group. Other blood test results did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions : Fatfree glucosebased nutrition promoted lipid metabolism over a 2 -week period after the start of refeeding, suggesting that balanced energy and lipid intake are essential, even in TPN.

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Changes in lipid and carnitine concentrations following repeated fasting-refeeding in mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Response of the Cholesterol Metabolism to a Negative Energy Balance in Dairy Cows Depends on the Lactational Stage

Response of the Cholesterol Metabolism to a Negative Energy Balance in Dairy Cows Depends on the Lactational Stage

Rutaecarpine Analogues Reduce Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes via Inhibiting Adipogenesis/Lipogenesis with AMPK Activation and UPR Suppression

Comparison of metabolic parameters between oral and total parenteral nutrition in children with severe eating disorders

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