Changes in levels of apoptosis in the walls of different segments of great saphenous varicose veins

Xu, Yanyan; Han, Wei; Wang, Lei; Zhao, Jichun; Wang, Tao; Tang, Jinyuan; Li, Kun; Chen, Haibo

doi:10.1177/0268355515605670

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is a biologically significant phenotypic overlap with vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from pathologic varicose vein samples, in which expression of Bcl-2 (an apoptosis controlling protein, located at the outer mitochondrial membrane), MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 is dysregulated and proliferation, adhesion, and migration capacities are altered [45]. The number of apoptotic smooth muscle cells increases in the aged venous system as well as in the prevaricose-varicose venous wall [46][47][48][49][50]. In the affected venous networks, hypertrophic and atrophic areas are alternating giving a foundation for massive morphological deformations observed later in life [40,47,51].…”

Section: Smooth Muscle Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aging venous system: from varicosities to vascular cognitive impairment

et al. 2021

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Aging-induced pathological alterations of the circulatory system play a critical role in morbidity and mortality of older adults. While the importance of cellular and molecular mechanisms of arterial aging for increased cardiovascular risk in older adults is increasingly appreciated, aging processes of veins are much less studied and understood than those of arteries. In this review, age-related cellular and morphological alterations in the venous system are presented. Similarities and dissimilarities between arterial and venous aging are highlighted, and shared molecular mechanisms of arterial and venous aging are considered. The pathogenesis of venous diseases affecting older adults, including varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, and deep vein thrombosis, is discussed, and the potential contribution of venous pathologies to the onset of vascular cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases is emphasized. It is our hope that a greater appreciation of the cellular and molecular processes of vascular aging will stimulate further investigation into strategies aimed at preventing or retarding age-related venous pathologies.

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Section: Smooth Muscle Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aging venous system: from varicosities to vascular cognitive impairment

et al. 2021

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“…Some authors have found a decreased rate of apoptosis in varicose veins in vein segments, 32–34 whereas these authors did not analyze vein segments near the SFJ or did not specify the exact investigated segment of the GSV. Only Filis et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular senescence at the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy, primary varicose and recurrent varicose veins – A pilot study

et al. 2021

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Objectives Cellular senescence could play a role in the development of venous disease. Superficial venous reflux at the saphenofemoral junction is a common finding in patients with primary varicose veins. Furthermore, reflux in this essential area is associated with higher clinical stages of the disease and recurrent varicose veins. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate cellular senescence in the immediate area of the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy veins, primary varicose veins and additionally in patients with recurrent varicose veins due to a left venous stump. Methods We analyzed vein specimens of the great saphenous vein immediately at the saphenofemoral junction. Healthy veins were collected from patients who underwent arterial bypass reconstructions. Samples with superficial venous reflux derived from patients who received high ligation and stripping or redo-surgery at the groin, respectively. Sections were stained for p53, p21, and p16 as markers for cellular senescence and Ki67 as a proliferation marker. Results A total of 30 samples were examined (10 healthy, 10 primary varicose, and 10 recurrent varicose veins). We detected 2.10% p53+ nuclei in the healthy vein group, 3.12% in the primary varicose vein group and 1.53% in the recurrent varicose vein group, respectively. These differences were statistically significant ( p = 0.021). In the healthy vein group, we found 0.43% p16+ nuclei. In the primary varicose vein group, we found 0.34% p16+ nuclei, and in the recurrent varicose vein group, we found 0.74% p16+ nuclei. At the p < 0.05 level, the three groups tended to be significant without reaching statistical significance ( p = 0.085). There was no difference in respect of p21 and Ki67. Conclusion We found significantly higher expression rates of p53 in primary varicose veins at the saphenofemoral junction than in healthy veins. p16 expression tended to be increased in the recurrent varicose vein group. These preliminary findings indicate that cellular senescence may have an impact in the development of varicose veins or recurrence. Further studies addressing this issue are necessary.

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“…Usually these smooth muscle cells in the tunica media are located regularly and side-by-side, however, in the varicose veins this usual manner of smooth muscle cells are destructed, and collagen deposits are seen. Although the exact mechanism of this destruction is unknown, failure or down-regulation of programmed cell death, apoptosis, is suggested to be one of the essential factors [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varis etiyopatogenezinde lökosit aktivasyonu ile apopitozisin ilişkisi

Tümer

İriz

Gülbahar

et al. 2019

Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory

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Aim: Varicose veins are the most common disorders of the lower extremities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of leukocyte activation in the vein wall and apoptosis in the etiopathogenesis of varicose veins. Material and Methods: Forty-six patients with varicose veins were included in the study. High ligation with stripping with or without additional individual ligation and excision was performed for symptoms, complications or cosmetic needs. ELISA was used to measure the serum concentration of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the cephalic vein and saphenous vein groups (p=0.04 and p<0.0001 respectively). Conclusion: As a conclusion, the complex pathophysiology underlying varicose veins has yet to be fully defined. It is suggested that both leukocyte activation and dysregulation of apoptosis are associated with susceptibility for varicose vein formation however this argument needs further research.

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Changes in levels of apoptosis in the walls of different segments of great saphenous varicose veins

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The aging venous system: from varicosities to vascular cognitive impairment

The aging venous system: from varicosities to vascular cognitive impairment

Cellular senescence at the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy, primary varicose and recurrent varicose veins – A pilot study

Varis etiyopatogenezinde lökosit aktivasyonu ile apopitozisin ilişkisi

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