Changes in Jupiter’s Zonal Wind Profile preceding and during the Juno mission

Tollefson, Joshua; Wong, Michael H.; Pater, Imke de; Simon-Miller, A. A.; Orton, Glenn S.; Rogers, J. H.; Atreya, S. K.; Cosentino, Richard; Januszewski, William; Morales-Juberías, R.; Marcus, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.06.007

Cited by 85 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Two areas that are noticeably standout correspond to the belts north of the 24°N jet and south of the Great Red Spot, which both have high wavenumber transitions where k T ∼ 100–400. These higher transitions could indicate a real “forcing scale” where energy is injected into the atmosphere to drive changes in 24°N jet speed, or it could indicate a small scale at which enstrophy is being dissipated by the Great Red Spot as it is shrinking (Simon et al, ; Tollefson et al, ). The Juno mission has found observations showing lightning at higher latitudes, which could be connected to moist convection as a source for injecting energy at these locations (Brown et al, ; Gierasch et al, ; Kolmašová et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the dynamics of an outer planet's atmosphere ultimately adds to our understanding of the entire planet. Recent studies have analyzed how the east-west or zonal winds on Jupiter temporally evolve and spatially vary (Johnson et al, 2018;Simon-Miller & Gierasch, 2010;Tollefson et al, 2017). Jupiter's zonal wind profile is very stable with only a few locations experiencing significant changes in velocity with time, such as jet near 24 • N. The continual banded appearance of light and dark clouds in Jupiter's atmosphere is occasionally disrupted by sporadic events that do not last very long (Fletcher et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jupiter's Turbulent Power Spectra From Hubble Space Telescope

Cosentino¹,

Simon-Miller²,

Morales-Juberías

2019

JGR Planets

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Turbulence in Jupiter's atmosphere was investigated with archival and ongoing observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. Data sets that include one full rotation (360° longitude coverage) were used to produce complete maps of the planet's upper cloud layer. The global maps were analyzed to generate the passive tracer power spectrum of cloud features for single rotation observations, while successive rotations produced pairs of maps such that zonal winds were calculated. An atmosphere's dimensionality and dynamics are reflected in the slopes of such turbulent power spectra. Many of the retrieved passive tracer power spectra have a shallow spectral index over wave numbers k∼1 − 30 and transition to the well‐known Kolmogorov k−5/3 relation at smaller scales between wave numbers k∼30 − 1,000. The transition scale is similar to the number of jets in Jupiter's zonal wind profile and is related to the Rhines scale and the beta effect induced anisotropy scale. We also report on differences found in anticyclonic and cyclonic shear region power spectra and how they correlate to latitudinal changes in the zonal wind profile. We found that properties of Jupiter's power spectra are consistent with quasi‐geostrophic turbulence for shallow fluids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jupiter's Turbulent Power Spectra From Hubble Space Telescope

Cosentino¹,

Simon-Miller²,

Morales-Juberías

2019

JGR Planets

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“…Zonal winds derived from Hubble observations in January 2015 and February 2016 (Fig. 1b) show no evidence for changes associated with the expansion [Tollefson et al, 2017].…”

Section: Thermal Changes During An Neb Expansionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The 8.6-µm-dark NTrZ could be seen to extend around the planet once more. Thus, neither Cloud-top zonal winds from Hubble imaging in February 2016 (black) and January 2015 (red) are shown next to (b), indicating no change in either the jet location or speed [Tollefson et al, 2017].…”

Section: Chronology Of the 2015-16 Neb Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt expansion and thermal wave activity ahead of Juno's arrival

Fletcher

Orton

Sinclair

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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The dark colors of Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt (NEB, 7–17°N) appeared to expand northward into the neighboring zone in 2015, consistent with a 3–5 year cycle. Inversions of thermal‐IR imaging from the Very Large Telescope revealed a moderate warming and reduction of aerosol opacity at the cloud tops at 17–20°N, suggesting subsidence and drying in the expanded sector. Two new thermal waves were identified during this period: (i) an upper tropospheric thermal wave (wave number 16–17, amplitude 2.5 K at 170 mbar) in the mid‐NEB that was anticorrelated with haze reflectivity; and (ii) a stratospheric wave (wave number 13–14, amplitude 7.3 K at 5 mbar) at 20–30°N. Both were quasi‐stationary, confined to regions of eastward zonal flow, and are morphologically similar to waves observed during previous expansion events.

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“…where U surf (s) is the measured wind at R J (Tollefson et al, 2017) projected toward the planet's interior in the direction parallel to the spin axis, Q s (r) is the radial decay simulated function (Fig. 1), and the set of parameters that forms the decay rate are: α = 0.5, H 1 = 2389, H 2 = 1830 km, ∆H = 500 km, R T = 0.958R J and H 3 = 660 km.…”

Section: Simulation and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Jupiter’s Deep Jets Combining Juno Gravity and Time-varying Magnetic Field Measurements

Duer

Galanti

Kaspi

2019

ApJL

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Jupiter's internal flow structure is still not fully known, but can be now better constrained due to Juno's high-precision measurements. The recently published gravity and magnetic field measurements have led to new information regarding the planet and its internal flows, and future magnetic measurements will allow taking another step in resolving this puzzle. In this study, we propose a new method to better constrain Jupiter's internal flow field using the Juno gravity measurements combined with the expected measurements of magnetic secular variation. Based on a combination of hydrodynamical and magnetic field considerations we show that an optimized vertical profile of the zonal flows that fits both measurements can be obtained. Incorporating the magnetic field effects on the flow better constraints the flow decay profile. This will allow getting closer to answering the long-lived question regarding the depth and nature of the flows on Jupiter.

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Changes in Jupiter’s Zonal Wind Profile preceding and during the Juno mission

Cited by 85 publications

References 51 publications

Jupiter's Turbulent Power Spectra From Hubble Space Telescope

Jupiter's Turbulent Power Spectra From Hubble Space Telescope

Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt expansion and thermal wave activity ahead of Juno's arrival

Analysis of Jupiter’s Deep Jets Combining Juno Gravity and Time-varying Magnetic Field Measurements

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