Changes in job strain in relation to changes in physiological state. A longitudinal study.

Theorell, Töres; Perski, Aleksander; Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Sigala, Filis; Ahlberg-Hultén, Gunnel; Svensson, John; Eneroth, P.

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1932

Cited by 392 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…157 Evidence of neurohumoral arousal has also been noted in situations associated with subacute stress. 158,159 "Clustering" of Psychosocial Variables…”

Section: Pathophysiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

1999

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Abstract-Recent studies provide clear and convincing evidence that psychosocial factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This evidence is composed largely of data relating CAD risk to 5 specific psychosocial domains: (1) depression, (2) anxiety, (3) personality factors and character traits, (4) social isolation, and (5) chronic life stress. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between these entities and CAD can be divided into behavioral mechanisms, whereby psychosocial conditions contribute to a higher frequency of adverse health behaviors, such as poor diet and smoking, and direct pathophysiological mechanisms, such as neuroendocrine and platelet activation. An extensive body of evidence from animal models (especially the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis) reveals that chronic psychosocial stress can lead, probably via a mechanism involving excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, to exacerbation of coronary artery atherosclerosis as well as to transient endothelial dysfunction and even necrosis. Evidence from monkeys also indicates that psychosocial stress reliably induces ovarian dysfunction, hypercortisolemia, and excessive adrenergic activation in premenopausal females, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis.Also reviewed are data relating CAD to acute stress and individual differences in sympathetic nervous system responsivity. New technologies and research from animal models demonstrate that acute stress triggers myocardial ischemia, promotes arrhythmogenesis, stimulates platelet function, and increases blood viscosity through hemoconcentration. In the presence of underlying atherosclerosis (eg, in CAD patients), acute stress also causes coronary vasoconstriction. Recent data indicate that the foregoing effects result, at least in part, from the endothelial dysfunction and injury induced by acute stress. Hyperresponsivity of the sympathetic nervous system, manifested by exaggerated heart rate and blood pressure responses to psychological stimuli, is an intrinsic characteristic among some individuals. Current data link sympathetic nervous system hyperresponsivity to accelerated development of carotid atherosclerosis in human subjects and to exacerbated coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in monkeys.Thus far, intervention trials designed to reduce psychosocial stress have been limited in size and number. Specific suggestions to improve the assessment of behavioral interventions include more complete delineation of the physiological mechanisms by which such interventions might work; increased use of new, more convenient "alternative" end points for behavioral intervention trials; development of specifically targeted behavioral interventions (based on profiling of patient factors); and evaluation of previously developed models of predicting behavioral change. The importance of maximizing the efficacy of behavioral interventions is underscored by the recognition that psychosocial stresses tend to cluster together. ...

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“…157 Evidence of neurohumoral arousal has also been noted in situations associated with subacute stress. 158,159 "Clustering" of Psychosocial Variables…”

Section: Pathophysiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

1999

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“…Baseando-se na percepção do trabalhador acerca do nível de demanda e controle, Karasek elaborou uma escala de medida do estresse no trabalho, com 49 questões 3 , posteriormente reduzida para 17 itens por Theorell et al 4 . Por meio dessas escalas é possível classificar as atividades laborais em quatro situações: alta demanda e baixo controle (alta exigência); baixa demanda e alto controle (baixa exigência); alta demanda e alto controle (trabalhos ativos); e baixa demanda e baixo controle (trabalhos passivos) 5 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estresse no trabalho e interrupção de atividades habituais, por problemas de saúde, no Estudo Pró-Saúde

et al. 2007

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“…Job characteristics were derived by using a Japanese version of the demand-control questionnaire20 originally developed by Theorell et al 21 The psychometric property of the questionnaire has been reported elsewhere. 22 Those job characteristics, job control and psychological demands, were defined on two scales.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Characteristics and Serum Lipid Profile in Japanese Rural Workers: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.

Tsutsumi

Kayaba

Ishikawa

et al. 2003

Journal of Epidemiology

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To observe the association between adverse psychosocial job characteristics, measured by the Karasek job demand-control questionnaire, and a lipid profile, cross-sectional analyses were performed for a Japanese rural working population. The study population comprised 3,333 male and 3,596 female actively employed workers, aged 65 years and under. Among men, higher psychological demands were associated with high total cholesterol levels, with an adjusted difference from the top to bottom tertiles of 3.3 mg/dl (F = 3.03; = 0.048). High demands were also positively associated with the total/HDL cholesterol ratio (F = 3.94; = 0.020). Neither job control nor job strain (the ratio of demands to control) was associated with any of the lipid levels in either gender. A psychologically demanding job may be associated with an unfavorable lipid profile, but the impact of job strain on atherogenic lipids is negligible.

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Changes in job strain in relation to changes in physiological state. A longitudinal study.

Cited by 392 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

Estresse no trabalho e interrupção de atividades habituais, por problemas de saúde, no Estudo Pró-Saúde

Job Characteristics and Serum Lipid Profile in Japanese Rural Workers: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.

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