Changes in interstitial volume and masses of albumin and IgG in rabbit skin and skeletal muscle after saline volume loading.

Mullins, Richard J.; Bell, D. R.

doi:10.1161/01.res.51.3.305

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The increase was approximately the same for all the five EPP. The result does not seem to support an assumption of filtration rate independence and was unexpected because previous studies have shown a reduction in C i /C p of EPP after saline volume loading (25). There are several possible explanations for this aberration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The specific activity for EPP of size 73, 65, 56, and 47 Å was not measured, but based on the results from albumin, we did not anticipate steady state for any of the remaining EPP. In comparison, previous studies measuring lymph concentration of plasma proteins and different-sized dextran achieved stabilization of lymph flow and protein/dextran concentration after 1.5-6 h of measurement (11,25,31,40). Free iodide should not be a source of error in the measurements because the albumin tracer contained Ͻ3% free iodide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…There is a controversy concerning the time required to reach a near steady state for fluid and proteins, between plasma and interstitium after overhydration with saline solution. Estimates based on previous experimental data ranges from 0.5-1 h (16, 24) to 3.5-5.5 h (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in plasma protein extravasation in rat skin during inflammatory challenges evaluated by microdialysis

Borge

Iversen²,

Reed³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Borge, B. Å ., V. V. Iversen, and R. K. Reed. Changes in plasma protein extravasation in rat skin during inflammatory challenges evaluated by microdialysis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H2108-H2115, 2006. First published December 22, 2005 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00395.2005.-Docetaxel and prostaglandin E 1 (PGE1) increase transcapillary albumin extravasation and reduce interstitial fluid pressure in the skin. In this study the microdialysate concentration (Cm) of 125 I-labeled human serum albumin ( 125 I-HSA) and different-sized endogenous plasma proteins (EPP) was compared to evaluate changes in transcapillary extravasation of plasma proteins.125 I-HSA was also used to estimate changes in the specific activity of albumin. Extravasation of 125 I-HSA and EPP from plasma to interstitium in the rat skin was compared during continuous administration of docetaxel and PGE 1 by using microdialysis in anesthetized rats. Also, 20 ml of Ringer solution (RS) were injected intravenously during 10 min in a separate group. Two hollow plasmapheresis fibers (3 cm, cut off 3,000 kDa), one acting as control, were placed subcutaneously on the back skin and perfused with RS (5 l/min, 140 min, collected every 10 min). The size of the different EPP was estimated to be 73, 65, 56, 47, and 39 Å , separated by a size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography column and quantified by UV detection (280 nm). Docetaxel (0.5 mg/ml, n ϭ 5) increased Cm of 125 I-HSA and EPP of sizes 73, 65, 56, and 39 Å significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) compared with control. PGE 1 (20 g/ml, n ϭ 6) increased Cm of 125 I-HSA significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) but none of the different-sized EPP was increased compared with control. Intravenous RS (20 ml, n ϭ 6) increased C m of 125 I-HSA and increased all the different-sized EPP significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) compared with control. Although the microdialysis method is able to monitor qualitative changes in capillary permeability, a quantitative determination of the capillary reflection coefficient or permeabilitysurface area product was not possible, because steady state between plasma and dialysate was not achieved during the measurement period. The different pattern of extravasation of EPP and 125 I-HSA after docetaxel, PGE 1, and RS indicates increased interstitial transport rate and/or increased capillary permeability after docetaxel and RS, whereas PGE 1 seems to increase transcapillary fluid flux without altering the permeability.high-performance liquid chromatography; prostaglandin E 1; docetaxel; transcapillary transport QUANTIFICATION of macromolecular passage from plasma to interstitial fluid may give important information of the integrity of the capillary barrier. Many pharmacological agents and pathological conditions have been shown to alter the permeability and/or protein flux across the capillaries in subcutaneous tissue (39) Docetaxel is a microtubule fixating agent and has previously been demonstrated to lower interstitial fluid pressure (P if ) and increase the extravasation of 125

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Changes in plasma protein extravasation in rat skin during inflammatory challenges evaluated by microdialysis

Borge

Iversen²,

Reed³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…The interstitial space of most tissues is composed of an interlinked matrix of glycosaminoglycans supported by a collagen framework. This matrix forms a gel that restricts plasma proteins from distributing itself in the total intragel volume by either steric or electrostatic exclusion (MULLINS and BELL, 1982). The exclusion of proteins can also contribute to the lowering of protein drainage through lymph but the amount might be smaller.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transvascular fluid shift and thoracic duct lymph: Analysis of lymph formation in the rat.

1984

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To analyze the effect of changes in interstitial fluid on lymph production, intravascular infusions of saline were given to splenectomized rats under pentobarbital anesthesia at 3 different rates (2, 3, and 4 ml/ 100 g of body weight) over 10 min. Change of blood volume was continuously monitored and, simultaneously, thoracic duct lymph was collected during and after the infusion. Equilibrium was attained approximately 40 min after the infusion; regardless of the infusion rate, 10 % of the infused volume was incorporated into the vascular space and 90 % was filtered into the extravascular space. Thus, the amount of transvascular fluid shift showed a linear relationship with the infused volume. However, the drainage from thoracic duct lymph amounted to 5.9 %, 11.4%, and 17.8 % of the infused saline volume when given at the rate of 2, 3, and 4 ml/ 100 g, respectively. The relation of lymph flow and infused volume could be regarded as a nonlinear system. By means of a simulation study, this relation was found to be attributed to the nonlinearity of conductance for fluid movement from tissue to lymph duct, which was only one sixth of that determined for the capillary membrane. The drainage of lymph protein following the infusion was only about 50% of that expected from the interstitial protein concentration in even distribution of the infused saline. These characteristics of interstitial fluid space play an important role in absorbing water and, hence, buffering changes in circulating blood volume after volume loading.

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“…The dilution of serum by 11 % was also more pronounced than the thoretical 8 % dilution. A shift in the distribution of plasma protein between blood and interstitium (Mullins & Bell, 1982) and/or non-equilibration of infused fluid could explain this discrepancy.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Synovial Fluid ‐ Its Mass, Macromolecular Content and Pressure in Major Limb Joints of the Rabbit

1988

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SUMMARYSynovial fluid from rabbit elbow, shoulder, hip and knee was analysed to establish the normal levels of parameters relevant to fluid exchange -viz. fluid mass per joint, hydraulic pressure, temperature, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), protein, albumin and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations. Fluid mass was greatest in the least congruous joint, the shoulder (43 + 4 mg), cf. 6 + 2 mg in the highly congruous hip. In the knee (24+4 mg) the mean thickness of the fluid layer was calculated to be 30,m. Fluid pressure was subatmospheric in all joints (mean -2-8+0-4cmH20, elbow, to -5-7+0-3cmH20, knee), as in many other interstitial spaces.Colloid osmotic pressure was substantial (mean 114+0-9cmH2O, shoulder, to 131+10 cmH20, elbow), being 40-46 % of serum level. Comparison of synovial fluid results with COP versus concentration curves in vitro indicated that the fluid's COP was primarily generated by its protein content (22-30 g 1-1, 64 % albumin) rather than GAG (4 0-5 8 g 1-1). The GAG was 95 % hyaluronate and 5 % sulphated GAG. Algebraic summation of the hydraulic and colloid osmotic pressures of synovial fluid and serum indicated a net filtration gradient from blood to joint cavity. When serum COP was reduced by intravenous saline infusion, synovial fluid mass increased, in accordance with the ultrafiltration hypothesis of synovial fluid formation. The fluid's colloid concentration declined as volume increased. The relation was not a simple dilution curve, but indicated that the newly formed synovial fluid contained > 8 g protein 1-1 (14-5 % serum concentration); and that hyaluronate was entering the synovial cavity at a rate of > 6 5 ,ug h-' per joint.

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Changes in interstitial volume and masses of albumin and IgG in rabbit skin and skeletal muscle after saline volume loading.

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

Changes in plasma protein extravasation in rat skin during inflammatory challenges evaluated by microdialysis

Changes in plasma protein extravasation in rat skin during inflammatory challenges evaluated by microdialysis

Transvascular fluid shift and thoracic duct lymph: Analysis of lymph formation in the rat.

Synovial Fluid ‐ Its Mass, Macromolecular Content and Pressure in Major Limb Joints of the Rabbit

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