Changes in immune cell populations in the periphery and liver of GBV-B-infected and convalescent tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)

Hood, Simon; Mee, Edward T.; Perkins, Hannah; Bowen, Ori; Dale, Jessica M.; Almond, Neil; Karayiannis, Peter; Bright, Helen; Berry, Neil; Rose, Nicola J.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2013.11.006

Cited by 3 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The CD4 and CD8‐stained cells were detected in the absence of CD3 staining suggesting that cells such as NK, macrophage and dendritic cells may be present. These data support our previous observations for isolated intrahepatic lymphocytes 7 . Complexes of suitable antibodies are required to distinguish these cells and in the current absence of such reagents suitable for IHC, this characterization is outwith the scope of this study, though supported by alternate studies 8 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the primary infection there was an absence of CD8 cells 2 wpi, while there is a modest increase was observed at 6 and 26 wpi. These data mirror those from the PMBC and intrahepatic lymphocytes of these tamarins 7 . This may suggest a delayed T‐cell response in acute infection while an exhausted population may result in the similar lack of CD8 cell accumulation observed at 2 wpc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…All inoculated animals became infected (Figure 1A‐D). Data previously reported for animals in Groups B and C 7 are included to facilitate comparison. While most of the animal had viremia profiles that were consistent with published reports, tamarin V1 had viral loads that fluctuated from undetectable to a maximum of approximately 10 7 ge/mL, and tamarin T10 maintained a detectable viral load for nearly 40 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis in the marmoset was characterized at 4 weeks post‐infection by a large number of infiltrating CD3 + cells within portal tracts and hepatic parenchyma and CD20 + cells in the portal tracts, though there was an absence of CD4 + cells 5 . We and others have shown that in both the tamarin and marmoset models, CD8 + T cells have been shown to produce interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in response to peptide stimulation with nonstructural proteins 6,7 . A number of immunohistochemical and histopathological studies have been reported for the marmoset, 5,6,8,9 but fewer for tamarins 10‐12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of hepatic pathology in GBV‐B‐infected red‐bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)

Dale

Hood

Bowen

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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GB virus B (GBV‐B) is a new world monkey‐associated flavivirus used to model acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Critical for evaluation of antiviral or vaccine approaches is an understanding of the effect of HCV on the liver at different stages of infection. In the absence of longitudinal human tissue samples at defined time points, we have characterized changes in tamarins. As early as 2 weeks post‐infection histological changes were noticeable, and these were established in all animals by 6 weeks. Despite high levels of liver‐associated viral RNA, there was reversal of hepatic damage on clearance of peripheral virus though fibrosis was demonstrated in four tamarins. Notably, viral RNA burden in the liver dropped to near undetectable or background levels in all animals which underwent a second viral challenge, highlighting the efficacy of the immune response in removing foci of replication in the liver. These data add to the knowledge of GBV‐B infection in New World primates which can offer attractive systems for the testing of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments and the evaluation of their utility in preventing or reversing liver pathology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of hepatic pathology in GBV‐B‐infected red‐bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)

Dale

Hood

Bowen

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Here, we evaluate virological outcomes in two taxonomically distinct New World species: common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) and red-bellied tamarins ( Sanguinus labiatus ), following sub-cutaneous challenge with the Caribbean-derived ZIKV PRVABC59 isolate. Red-bellied tamarins have been previously studied in our laboratory for acute hepacivirus infection, demonstrating susceptibility to flaviviruses 28 . Data from these New World hosts were compared to Old World NHP models represented by two species, Indian rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta , RM) and cynomolgus macaque ( Macaca fascicularis , CM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High susceptibility, viral dynamics and persistence of South American Zika virus in New World monkey species

Berry

Ferguson

Ham

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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South American Zika virus (ZIKV) recently emerged as a novel human pathogen, linked with neurological disorders. However, comparative ZIKV infectivity studies in New World primates are lacking. Two members of the Callitrichidae family, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus), were highly susceptible to sub-cutaneous challenge with the Puerto Rico-origin ZIKVPRVABC59 strain. Both exhibited rapid, high, acute viraemia with early neuroinvasion (3 days) in peripheral and central nervous tissue. ZIKV RNA levels in blood and tissues were significantly higher in New World hosts compared to Old World species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis). Tamarins and rhesus macaques exhibited loss of zonal occludens-1 (ZO-1) staining, indicative of a compromised blood-brain barrier 3 days post-ZIKV exposure. Early, widespread dissemination across multiple anatomical sites distant to the inoculation site preceded extensive ZIKV persistence after 100 days in New and Old World lineages, especially lymphoid, neurological and reproductive sites. Prolonged persistence in brain tissue has implications for otherwise resolved human ZIKV infection. High susceptibility of distinct New World species underscores possible establishment of ZIKV sylvatic cycles in primates indigenous to ZIKV endemic regions. Tamarins and marmosets represent viable New World models for ZIKV pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies, including vaccines, with contemporary strains.

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The Impact and Effects of Host Immunogenetics on Infectious Disease Studies Using Non-Human Primates in Biomedical Research

Berry,

Mee,

Almond

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Understanding infectious disease pathogenesis and evaluating novel candidate treatment interventions for human use frequently requires prior or parallel analysis in animal model systems. While rodent species are frequently applied in such studies, there are situations where non-human primate (NHP) species are advantageous or required. These include studies of animals that are anatomically more akin to humans, where there is a need to interrogate the complexity of more advanced biological systems or simply reflect susceptibility to a specific infectious agent. The contribution of different arms of the immune response may be addressed in a variety of NHP species or subspecies in specific physiological compartments. Such studies provide insights into immune repertoires not always possible from human studies. However, genetic variation in outbred NHP models may confound, or significantly impact the outcome of a particular study. Thus, host factors need to be considered when undertaking such studies. Considerable knowledge of the impact of host immunogenetics on infection dynamics was elucidated from HIV/SIV research. NHP models are now important for studies of emerging infections. They have contributed to delineating the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, which identified differences in outcomes attributable to the selected NHP host. Moreover, their use was crucial in evaluating the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19 and establishing putative correlates of vaccine protection. More broadly, neglected or highly pathogenic emerging or re-emergent viruses may be studied in selected NHPs. These studies characterise protective immune responses following infection or the administration of candidate immunogens which may be central to the accelerated licensing of new vaccines. Here, we review selected aspects of host immunogenetics, specifically MHC background and TRIM5 polymorphism as exemplars of adaptive and innate immunity, in commonly used Old and New World host species. Understanding this variation within and between NHP species will ensure that this valuable laboratory source is used most effectively to combat established and emerging virus infections and improve human health worldwide.

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Changes in immune cell populations in the periphery and liver of GBV-B-infected and convalescent tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Development of hepatic pathology in GBV‐B‐infected red‐bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)

Development of hepatic pathology in GBV‐B‐infected red‐bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)

High susceptibility, viral dynamics and persistence of South American Zika virus in New World monkey species

The Impact and Effects of Host Immunogenetics on Infectious Disease Studies Using Non-Human Primates in Biomedical Research

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