Changes in Hypophysio-ovarian Endocrinological Function of Post-menopausal and Castrated Women

Comparison of Serum Estradiol levels in Surgical and Natural menopause

“…In current study , subjects of surgical menopause were having significantly lower levels of serum estradiol than in natural menopausal women.These findings were supported by Nobuaki Furuhashi et al [1] and FarhanaKabir et al [8]who also reported significant difference between estradiol levels of surgical and natural menopausal women.Bachmann G et al [2] revealedsimilar findings by reporting that in surgical menopausal woman , estrogen and androgen levels were significantly decreased and so physiological changes associated with surgical menopause occur quickly as compared to natural menopausal women.In natural postmenopausal women by the time when the ovaries ceases to produce estradiol, it is produced in a number of extragonadal sites mainly in adipose tissue , but still estradiol levels are much below than their levels in premenopausal period [9]. It is speculated that these production from extragonadal sites starts around 12-18 months later in surgical menopausal women as they all are at much younger age than natural menopausal women [10].…”

“…The ovary is a dynamic organ of female reproductive life and it undergoes many functional and morphological changes during a lifetime.During the reproductive years, ovaries secrete many hormones that are responsible for maintenance of normal menstrual cycle of women.Estrogen is secreted by theca and granulose cells of graffian follicle and corpus luteum in ovary. Nobuaki Furuhashi et al [1] conducted a study on changes in Hypophysio-ovarian Endocrinological Function of Post-menopausal and surgical menopausal women ; and found that serum levels of estradiol were lower in surgical menopausal women as compared to normal menopausal women within 3 years .Bachmann G et al [2]conducted a study on physiologic aspects of natural and surgical menopause and found that in the surgically menopausal woman , estrogen and androgen levels are significantly reduced and so physiological changes associated with menopause occur more quickly as compared to normal menopausal women. Taylor .…”

Serum estradiol level and postmenopausal symptoms in surgical and natural menopause

“…5 Furuhashi N et al have also reported similar results. 10 Several studies have observed presence of postmenopausal symptoms following natural menopause but very few studies have compared various postmenopausal symptoms between surgical and natural menopause like the current study. The percentage of surgical menopausal women experiencing hot flushes and mood swings was significantly higher than that of natural menopausal women in the present study.…”