Changes in hydraulic conductivity of laboratory sand-clay mixtures caused by a seawater-freshwater interface

Mobilization of Quartz Fines in Porous Media

“…For example, the sensitivity of water in sandstone is a phenomenon in which the permeability of argillaceous sandstones decreases sharply when freshwater replaces the salt water initially present in the formations (Mungan, 1965(Mungan, , 1968Khilar and Fogler, 1981). This phenomenon is similar to that found at the contact between freshwater and seawater in aquifers (Goldenberg et aL, 1984); however, the reduction in permeability here may be attributed to either clay swelling, clay particle migration, or a combination of both effects.…”

“…This assumption is reasonable, inasmuch as the salinity of most petroleum reservoirs is relatively high. Also, Goldenberg (1985) and Goldenberg et al (1984) found sharp decreases in hydraulic conductivity (or an equivalent reduction in permeability) if aquifer water of very low salinity (10 -3 M NaC1) replaced the seawater (salinity ~ 0.5 M NaC1) initially present in the formation. The effects of pH and fluid velocity on the critical electrolyte concentration for the mobilization of fines were also investigated.…”

“…Similarly, soil permeability can be reduced and permeability at some freshwater-seawater interfaces may be reduced due to the changes in the chemistry of the fluids (Goldenberg et al, 1984;Goldenberg, 1985;Goldenberg and Margaritz, 1983). In petroleum reservoirs, these fine-grained particles are commonly small particles of quartz and/or clays which may become entrained in the flowing (displacing) fluid and transported through the porous formation.…”

Review on subsurface colloids and colloid-associated contaminant transport in saturated porous media

“…This effect has also been observed in Laboratory columns [23,24,27,28,42 -47] and field-related studies ranging from secondary oil recovery [19,48] to the sea water/freshwater interface [49,50] to artificial recharge of aquifers [51,52].…”

Water chemistry and endangered white-clawed Crayfish: a literature review and field study of water chemistry association inAustropotamobius pallipes

“…Conductivity is a correlate for nutrient load, and can indicate geology, watershed size, and the presence of mine waste or waste water (Goldenberg et al, 1984;García-Criado et al, 1999;Gucht et al, 2005). A. pallipes populations appear to be associated with low values of conductivity relative to European and global means.…”