Changes in human muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise

Chesley, Alan; MacDougall, J. D.; Tarnopolsky, Mark A.; Atkinson, Stephanie A.; Smith, Kenneth

doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1383

Cited by 366 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The difference in the subjects' characteristics in both studies may be related to the difference in adjustment and sensitivity of their muscle cells to training stimulation. Generally, hypertrophy of muscle fibers brought about by strength training is results from the following: effect of anabolic hormone such as growth hormone that secretes after strength training, and effect of satellite cells as stem cell existing between sarcolemmas assimirate with the existing muscle fiber [14,15]. Because muscle fibers of trained subjects are enlarged by repeated training stimulation, the size of muscle cells is inferred to be close to the biological limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on human growth hormone secretion after strength training

Demura¹,

Yamada²,

Yamaji³

et al. 2010

ABB

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This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on serum growth hormone secretion response after strength training in young men who did not regularly engage in high intensity exercise. Ten healthy young males without workout habits (age: 22.2 +/-1.0 yr). Subjects performed biceps curl strength training after L-ornithine hydrochloride and placebo ingestions. They participated in both of the above conditions randomly with a week interval in between. Serum growth hormone and ornithine levels were measured before L-ornithine hydrochloride or placebo ingestions and at 30 minutes after strength training. Serum growth hormone and ornithine level were measured. A change magnitude of serum growth hormone was significantly larger in the L-ornithine hydrochloride condition than in the placebo condition, and the effect size was also large (t = 1.91, p = .044, ES = .75). A significant interaction (F = 280.98, p = 0.000, η p 2 = 0.96) was found in serum ornithine and a multiple comparison test showed that it was greater in the L-ornithine hydrochloride condition. Serum growth hormone level after strength training increases by L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion in untrained young males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on human growth hormone secretion after strength training

Demura¹,

Yamada²,

Yamaji³

et al. 2010

ABB

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show abstract

“…As with endurance exercise, nutrition can play a critical role in augmenting the adaptive stimulus that comes from resistance exercise [84]. Whilst endurance exercise adaptations are believed to be driven primarily by transcriptional responses [2,8], the muscle growth adaptation to resistance exercise is driven primarily by changes in translation, in particular by increases in mRNA activity (protein produced per unit of mRNA) [85][86][87]. The multi-protein complex mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key controller of protein synthesis through the control that it exerts on mRNA activity via increasing protein translation initiation [88] (Figure 2).…”

Section: The Molecular Regulation Of Resistance Training Adaptation mentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

Hamilton

Philp

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

156

105

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Despite over 50 years of research, the field of sports nutrition continues to grow at a rapid rate. Whilst the traditional research focus was one that centred on strategies to maximize competition performance, emerging data in the last decade has demonstrated how both macronutrient and micronutrient availability can play a prominent role in regulating those cell signalling pathways that modulate skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and resistance training. Nonetheless, in the context of exercise performance, it is clear that carbohydrate (but not fat) still remains king and that carefully chosen ergogenic aids (e.g. caffeine, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrates) can all promote performance in the correct exercise setting. In relation to exercise training, however, it is now thought that strategic periods of reduced carbohydrate and elevated dietary protein intake may enhance training adaptations whereas high carbohydrate availability and antioxidant supplementation may actually attenuate training adaptation. Emerging evidence also suggests that vitamin D may play a regulatory role in muscle regeneration and subsequent hypertrophy following damaging forms of exercise. Finally, novel compounds (albeit largely examined in rodent models) such as epicatechins, nicotinamide riboside, resveratrol, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, phosphatidic acid and ursolic acid may also promote or attenuate skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and strength training. When taken together, it is clear that sports nutrition is very much at the heart of the Olympic motto, Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger).

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“…Resistance exercise is important and well known in development of muscle mass (hypertrophy). In humans, resistance exercise increases protein synthesis [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] and improves protein balance during the recovery phase in the skeletal muscle, 8,107,108 but not during acute bouts of resistance exercise. 109 Similar to resistance exercise, low intensity aerobic training 110 causes a significant increase in fractional synthetic rate in the leg muscle.…”

Section: A Correspondence Between Immune and Muscle Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat shock response and autophagy—cooperation and control

2015

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Abbreviations: AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATG, autophagy-related; BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy related; EIF4EBP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FOXO, forkhead box O; HSF1, heat shock transcription factor 1; HSP, heat shock protein; HSPA8/ HSC70, heat shock 70kDa protein 8; IL, interleukin; LC3, MAP1LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTMR14/ hJumpy, myotubularin related protein 14; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; NR1D1/Rev-Erb-a, nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PPARGC1A/PGC-1a, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 a; RHEB, Ras homolog enriched in brain; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TPR, translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.Protein quality control (proteostasis) depends on constant protein degradation and resynthesis, and is essential for proper homeostasis in systems from single cells to whole organisms. Cells possess several mechanisms and processes to maintain proteostasis. At one end of the spectrum, the heat shock proteins modulate protein folding and repair. At the other end, the proteasome and autophagy as well as other lysosome-dependent systems, function in the degradation of dysfunctional proteins. In this review, we examine how these systems interact to maintain proteostasis. Both the direct cellular data on heat shock control over autophagy and the time course of exercise-associated changes in humans support the model that heat shock response and autophagy are tightly linked. Studying the links between exercise stress and molecular control of proteostasis provides evidence that the heat shock response and autophagy coordinate and undergo sequential activation and downregulation, and that this is essential for proper proteostasis in eukaryotic systems.

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Changes in human muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise

Cited by 366 publications

References 27 publications

The effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on human growth hormone secretion after strength training

The effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on human growth hormone secretion after strength training

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

Heat shock response and autophagy—cooperation and control

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