Changes in Human Brain Potentials During the Onset of Sleep

Davis, Hallowell; Davis, Pauline A.; Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. Newton; Hobart, G.

doi:10.1126/science.86.2237.448

Cited by 128 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Some of the mechanisms may be reflected in the physiological phenomenon that we use to define sleep onset or sleep stages, while others may not. Previous studies have shown that the decline in EEG alpha activity is associated with the subjective report of loss of awareness of the environment (Davis et al, 1937); this is consistent with our findings that the onset of stage 1 sleep is associated with a decline in perception of environmental stimuli. A recent study also showed that the clarity of mental content and controllability of thought both diminish after the onset of stage 2 sleep (Weigand, Michael, & Schulz, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It has been observed that this period is associated with marked changes in a host of physiological and behavioral phenomena, as well as in subjective experience (Ogilvie & Wilkinson, 1984). Physiological phenomena associated with sleep onset include: decrease in high frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activities (e.g., Azekawa, Sei, & Morita, 1990;Davis, Davis, Loomis, Harvey, & Hobart, 1937, 1938Hori, 1985;Merica, Fortune, & Gaillard, 1991;Rechtschaffen & Kales, 1968;Tsuno et al, 2002); the absence and presence of different event-related potential (ERP) components (for review, see Campbell, Bell, & Bastien, 1992;Harsh, Voss, Hull, Schrepfer, & Badia, 1994); the appearance of slow eye movements (e.g., De Gennaro, Ferrara, Ferlazzo, & Bertini, 2000;Porte, 2004); the absence of elicited skin conductance responses (e.g., Johnson, 1970); a drop in the core body temperature and an increase in the distal skin temperature (e.g., Barrett, Lack, & Morris, 1993;Krauchi, Cajochen, Werth, & Wirz-Justice, 2000;Wehr, 1990); and, substantial, rapid reduction in respiration (e.g., Colrain, Trinder, Fraser, & Wilson, 1987;Naifeh & Kamiya, 1981). Behavioral indicators of sleep onset include: a decrease in sensory threshold, a cessation of responses to external stimuli (e.g., Anliker, 1966;Ogilvie & Simons, 1992;Ogilvie, Simons, Kuderian, MacDonald, & Rustenburg, 1991;Ogilvie & Wilkinson, 1984, 1988Ogilvie, Wilkinson, & Allison, 1989;Simon & Emmons, 1956), and a decrease in muscle strength (e.g., Jacobson, Kales, Lehmann, & Hoedemaker, 1964;Litchman, 1974) were also observed in the course of the sleep onset process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What subjective experiences determine the perception of falling asleep during sleep onset period?

Yang

Han

Yang

et al. 2010

Consciousness and Cognition

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a b s t r a c tSleep onset is associated with marked changes in behavioral, physiological, and subjective phenomena. In daily life though subjective experience is the main criterion in terms of which we identify it. But very few studies have focused on these experiences. This study seeks to identify the subjective variables that reflect sleep onset. Twenty young subjects took an afternoon nap in the laboratory while polysomnographic recordings were made. They were awakened four times in order to assess subjective experiences that correlate with the (1) appearance of slow eye movement, (2) initiation of stage 1 sleep, (3) initiation of stage 2 sleep, and (4) 5 min after the start of stage 2 sleep. A logistic regression identified control over and logic of thought as the two variables that predict the perception of having fallen asleep. For sleep perception, these two variables accurately classified 91.7% of the cases; for the waking state, 84.1%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What subjective experiences determine the perception of falling asleep during sleep onset period?

Yang

Han

Yang

et al. 2010

Consciousness and Cognition

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“…The most dramatic and abrupt changes occur during the transition into sleep or anesthetic states, where entry into unconsciousness is accompanied by strong, widespread electrophysiological changes. Typically, these changes are characterized by a decrease in mid- to high-frequency (> 8 Hz) activity and an increase in low-frequency (< 4 Hz) activity (Davis et al, 1937; Magoun, 1952; Steriade, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal transitions in sleep, wakefulness, and anesthesia are characterized by an orderly sequence of cortical events

et al. 2015

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Many aspects of brain function are influenced by modulatory processes, including arousal. The most abrupt changes in arousal occur at the wake-sleep transition and at the induction of anesthetic conditions. They are accompanied by major electrophysiological changes, including an emergence of low-frequency (sleep-like) activity and a loss of mid-frequency (wake-like) activity that has been linked to feedback processes of the brain. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between these two types of electrophysiological changes, as well as the cortical mechanisms underlying changes in arousal and consciousness, remain poorly understood. To address this, we studied spontaneous electro-cortical activity during arousal changes in macaques. During sleep and at loss of consciousness induced by propofol anesthesia, we identified a prototypical sequence of cortical events in which the loss of mid-frequency activity preceded, by seconds, the increases in low-frequency activity. Furthermore, in visual areas, an influence of mid-frequency change onto high-frequency activity was observed across visual hierarchy. These results are consistent with the notion that drops in arousal and consciousness are facilitated by a release of feedback cortical inhibition.

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“…And subjective wakefulness level decreased with driving time. During hypnagogic period, it is well known that the theta band activities in the frontal area increase at rest state [2][3][4]. There are only a few studies using EEG that investigated the brain activities during driving simulation [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%