Changes in hormones, growth factor and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs fed betaine

Huang, Qingyao; Xu, Zhenghao; Han, Xinyan; Li, Weifen

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.04.031

Cited by 88 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In addition, subcutaneous adipose tissue from unshaded animals supplemented with 40 g betaine displayed more FAS activity than control animals, whereas all other betaine doses had decreased subcutaneous FAS activity. Huang et al (2006) demonstrated reduced FAS mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue from pigs fed 0.125% betaine compared with control animals, whereas the increased FAS activity noted here is novel. Contrasting with these results, P8 backfat, which is a measure of subcutaneous fat depth, was increased the most by the lower (10 g) dose of betaine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

DiGiacomo¹,

Warner

Leury³

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Dietary betaine supplementation improves water retention in steers and may influence lean-tissue deposition, while also acting as an osmolyte to help regulate cellular osmotic balance. This study investigated the interactions between shade and dietary betaine on carcass characteristics, tissue enzyme activity and gene expression in 48 feedlot steers during summer. Steers were randomly allocated to a 4 · 2 factorial design with the factors being dietary betaine (0, 10, 20 or 40 g) and shade (with and without shade) for 120 days. Tissue samples were obtained at slaughter and analysed for gene expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70/90) and expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Carcasses were evaluated for quality. Carcass weight at slaughter was not altered by shade (P = 0.18) but tended to be increased by dietary betaine (306 v. 314 kg, P = 0.09). The P8 backfat was not altered by shade (P = 0.43) or dietary betaine (P = 0.32), although there was a within dietary betaine effect whereby P8 backfat tended to be greater in steers fed 10 g compared with 40 g betaine/day (17.4 v. 14.5 mm, P = 0.06). Muscle pH at 1 h (5.97 v. 6.03, P = 0.01) and 2 h (5.73 v. 5.80, P = 0.04) post-slaughter was higher in shaded steers, and muscle pH at 1 h post-slaughter was higher in steers fed 10 or 20 g than those fed 40 g betaine/day (6.03 v. 6.03 v. 5.95, P = 0.005). Gene expression was not altered by betaine, while adipose tissues expressed more of each gene than muscle (P < 0.001). The mRNA expression of HSF1 and HSP90 was influenced by a shade · betaine interaction, although the direction of this interaction was irregular (P = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). Adipose tissue FAS and G6PDH enzyme activity was unaffected by shade and betaine. The results of this study indicate that betaine supplementation may be a successful carcass modifier in growing feedlot steers during summer. Provision of shade during summer may reduce the rate of pH decline in the first 2 h after slaughter and reduce the risk of high rigor temperature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

“…Unlike FAS activity, there tended to be more G6PDH activity in omental compared with subcutaneous adipose tissues. G6PDH is required for fatty acid synthesis as it is the main enzyme available to supply NADPH, the coenzyme required to synthesise fatty acids (Huang et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

DiGiacomo¹,

Warner

Leury³

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Similarly, CLA did not alter plasma glucose and insulin in growing (Ramsay et al, 2001) and finishing pigs (Ostrowska et al, 2002) or lactating sows (Bontempo et al, 2004). Nevertheless, serum glucose concentration was decreased in finishing pigs (Huang et al, 2006) fed betaine-supplemented diets, the effect being ascribed to increased insulin levels. In our study, however, we encountered increased serum insulin in pigs fed CLA and betaine 1 CLA, with no change in serum glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Furthermore, it is interesting to point out that whole body or hepatic fatty acid oxidation was not affected by betaine in growing pigs (Wray-Cahen et al, 2004), suggesting that reduction in adipose accretion must be via a mechanism other than oxidation. Nevertheless, Huang et al (2006) reported increased NEFA but no change in TG of finishing pigs fed diets supplemented with betaine. Inconsistency may be in part because of different dietary nutrient composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Impact of dietary betaine and conjugated linoleic acid on insulin sensitivity, protein and fat metabolism of obese pigs

Fernández‐Fígares

Lachica

Martín

et al. 2012

Animal

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To determine possible mechanisms of action that might explain the nutrient partitioning effect of betaine and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in Iberian pigs and to address potential adverse effects, twenty gilts were restrictively fed from 20 to 50 kg BW Control, 0.5% betaine, 1% CLA or 0.5% betaine 1 1% CLA diets. Serum hormones and metabolites profile were determined at 30 kg BW and an oral glucose test was performed before slaughter. Pigs were slaughtered at 50 kg BW and livers were obtained for chemical and histological analysis. Decreased serum urea in pigs fed betaine and betaine 1 CLA diets (11%; P 5 0.0001) indicated a more efficient N utilization. The increase in serum triacylglycerol (58% and 28%, respectively; P 5 0.0098) indicated that CLA and betaine 1 CLA could have reduced adipose tissue triacylglycerol synthesis from preformed fatty acids. Serum glucose, lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids were unaffected. CLA and betaine 1 CLA altered serum lipids profile, although liver of pigs fed CLA diet presented no histopathological changes and triglyceride content was not different from Control pigs. Compared with controls, serum growth hormone decreased (20% to 23%; P 5 0.0209) for all treatments. Although serum insulin increased in CLA, and especially in betaine 1 CLA pigs (28% and 83%; P 5 0.0001), indices of insulin resistance were unaffected. In conclusion, CLA, and especially betaine 1 CLA, induced changes in biochemical parameters and hormones that may partially explain a nutrient partitioning effect in young pigs. Nevertheless, they exhibited weak, although detrimental, effects on blood lipids. Moreover, although livers were chemically and histologically normal, pigs fed CLA diet challenged with a glucose load had higher serum glucose than controls.

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“…Betaine supplementation (0.125%) significantly lowered serum urea nitrogen in pigs, while total protein levels significantly increased , and IGF-1, free thyronine (FT 3 ), free thyroxine (FT 4 ) and insulin levels all significantly increased by 40-50% in response to betaine supplementation (Huang et al 2006).…”

Section: Betainementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential nutritional strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature in cattle – a review

DiGiacomo¹,

Leury²,

Dunshea³

2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Environmental conditions influence animal production from an animal performance perspective and at the carcass level post-slaughter. High rigor temperature occurs when the animal is hyperthermic pre-slaughter, and this leads to tougher meat. Hyperthermia can result from increased environmental temperature, exercise, stress or a combination of these factors. Consumer satisfaction with beef meat is influenced by the visual and sensory traits of the product when raw and cooked, with beef consumers commonly selecting tenderness of the product as the most important quality trait. High rigor temperature leads to a reduction in carcass and eating quality. This review examines some possible metabolic causes of hyperthermia, with focus on the importance of adipose tissue metabolism and the roles of insulin and leptin. Potential strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature are offered, including the use of dietary supplements such as betaine and chromium, anti-diabetic agents such as thiazolidinediones, vitamin D, and magnesium (Mg) to provide stress relief.

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Changes in hormones, growth factor and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs fed betaine

Cited by 88 publications

References 37 publications

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

Impact of dietary betaine and conjugated linoleic acid on insulin sensitivity, protein and fat metabolism of obese pigs

Potential nutritional strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature in cattle – a review

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