Changes in haematological parameters and oxidative stress response of goats subjected to road transport stress in a hot humid tropical environment

Polycarp, Tanko Nwunuji; Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho; Yusoff, Sabri Mohd

doi:10.1007/s00580-015-2179-8

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, there was an increase in the neutrophil counts and N/L ratios compared to the baseline value until after overnight lairage (L12) in the TS2L12 and TS6L12 groups, which shows that more than twelve hours lairage is needed for the N/L ratio to return to its baseline values. The present findings were consistent with earlier research that found that it may take at least three days up to two weeks for blood to stabilise or return to the standard value in goat ( Polycarp et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In addition, the process of transporting, handling, loading and unloading have caused injury to the animal due to fighting or falling ( Ekiz et al, 2012 ), which increased the creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the blood ( de la Fuente et al, 2012 ). Nonetheless, these types of responses have a time-lagged effect ( Mormède et al, 2007 ) while some other conventional stress assessment methods that require samples from meat or blood will need specific equipment and analysis ( Ozcan et al, 2014 , Polycarp et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and electroencephalogram responses in goats subjected to pre-and during slaughter stress

Raghazli

Othman

Kaka

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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A comprehensive stress assessment is vital in understanding the impact of the pre-slaughter procedure on animal welfare. The transportation and handling process was commonly reported to cause stress in animals. This research utilises electroencephalography (EEG) as an alternative stress indicator to non-painful acute stress measurement. EEG has been proved to be instantaneous and sensitive with specific results. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the stress level of goats subjected to two different transportation duration and the effect of lairage based on their EEG activities and blood parameters changes. Eighteen adult male goats were divided into two transportation stress groups based on the transport duration: the two-hour (TS2) and six-hour (TS6) groups. Then, each group was then again divided into three smaller groups according to the lairage duration, which was three-hour (L3), six-hour (L6), and overnight (L12) groups. Blood was sampled before transport, after transport, and during slaughter while EEG was recorded before transport, after transport, after lairage, and during slaughter. Results revealed that there was a significant decrease in beta wave activity compared to baseline in TS2 goats (P < 0.05) after transportation, whereas no significant difference was detected in the TS6 goats. At the same time, goats from the TS2 group showed increase in creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared to that in TS6 goats. Together with the observed cortisol concentration, these findings showed that the TS6 goats were fully adapted to the transportation stress while the TS2 goats were still under stress. As for the lairage duration, it was observed that the TS2L3 goats showed lower EEG activities than the values obtained after two-hour transportation, while lower EEG activities were found from the TS6L6 goats after six-hour transportation. Therefore, it can be concluded that three-hour lairage was adequate to lower the impact of two hours transportation stress, whereas six-hour lairage was required to reduce the impact of six hours transportation stress. Finally, it was also found that the TS6L3, TS6L6, and TS6L12 groups took a long time to die after slaughter than the TS2L3, TS2L6, and TS2L12 goats based on the time their EEG activity reached isoelectric.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and electroencephalogram responses in goats subjected to pre-and during slaughter stress

Raghazli

Othman

Kaka

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Although RBCL total and Cu/Zn-SOD activity were decreased 1 d posttransit, Mn-SOD activity was increased (day P ≤ 0.01; Figure 2 ), resulting in a greater Mn:total-SOD activity ratio on day 1 (day P ≤ 0.01; Figure 3 ). Several studies have reported a decrease in SOD activity due to transportation of livestock ( Onmaz et al, 2011 ; El-Deeb and El-Bahr, 2014 ; Polycarp et al, 2016 ), possibly due to increased ROS production and subsequent consumption of the enzyme for antioxidant reactions. However, these studies only reported total SOD activity rather than specific SOD isoforms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during a preconditioning period prior to transit on receiving period performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant defense by beef steers

Deters

Hansen

2019

Translational Animal Science

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Forty-eight newly weaned crossbred beef steers from a single-source were used to determine the effects of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; NaturSafe, Diamond V) on receiving period performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant defense. Seven days after arrival, steers were stratified by BW (257 ± 18 kg), sorted into pens (n = 1 pen/treatment), and pens assigned to dietary treatments: SCFP at 0 (CON), 12 (SCFP12), 18 (SCFP18), or 0 g·steer−1·d−1 during preconditioning (PRE; days −19 to 0), then 18 g·steer−1·d−1 during receiving (REC; days 0 to 58; CON18). On day −1 BW and blood were collected, steers were loaded onto a semitruck and transported 1,748 km over 19 h. Upon return, steers were weighed, stratified by BW within treatment and sorted into pens with GrowSafe bunks (n = 12 steers/treatment). Steers were weighed on days −1, 0, 29, 30, 57, and 58. Blood was collected from all steers on days −1, 1, and 8 and liver biopsies were performed on all steers on days −20, −3, and 59. Titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker in the diet of all steers from days 14 through 29 to determine total tract nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using ProcMixed of SAS with the fixed effect of treatment. Steer was the experimental unit for REC period variables. Contrast statements compared the linear and quadratic effects of feeding SCFP throughout the trial (CON, SCFP12, and SCFP18) and the effect of supplementation at 18 g·steer−1·d−1 for the entire trial or starting in REC (SCFP18 vs. CON18). Steers fed SCFP12 exhibited the greatest ADG and G:F from days 0 to 30 (quadratic P ≤ 0.04). Total tract digestibility of NDF and ADF was linearly decreased by SCFP (linear P ≤ 0.03). On day −3, SCFP12-fed steers tended to have the greatest liver concentrations of total, oxidized, and reduced glutathione (quadratic P = 0.06). Red blood cell lysate Mn:total-superoxide dismutase activity was 16% greater 1 d posttransit compared with pretransit values (day P ≤ 0.01). Timing of SCFP supplementation (SCFP18 vs. CON18) did not affect any of the variables assessed herein (P ≥ 0.19). Supplementing SCFP at 12 g·steer−1·d−1 tended to affect antioxidant capacity prior to transit and improved early receiving period performance; however, overall receiving period performance was not affected by SCFP supplementation. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal dose and timing of SCFP supplementation for beef cattle.

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“…Gupta et al [ 75 ] also reported that transportation of goats up to 8 h during hot, humid and winter seasons causes stress, resulting in decreased body weight. The goats subjected to 7 h of road transport stress during hot, humid environmental conditions displayed oxidative stress and hematological derangements, which required 7 to 16 days to restore the normal condition [ 83 ]. In addition, goats are highly susceptible to respiratory infections after a long journey under adverse environmental conditions.…”

Section: Welfare Considerations In Goat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations

Sejian

Silpa

Nair

et al. 2021

Animals

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This review attempted to collate and synthesize information on goat welfare and production constraints during heat stress exposure. Among the farm animals, goats arguably are considered the best-suited animals to survive in tropical climates. Heat stress was found to negatively influence growth, milk and meat production and compromised the immune response, thereby significantly reducing goats’ welfare under extensive conditions and transportation. Although considered extremely adapted to tropical climates, their production can be compromised to cope with heat stress. Therefore, information on goat adaptation and production performance during heat exposure could help assess their welfare. Such information would be valuable as the farming communities are often struggling in their efforts to assess animal welfare, especially in tropical regions. Broadly three aspects must be considered to ensure appropriate welfare in goats, and these include (i) housing and environment; (ii) breeding and genetics and (iii) handling and transport. Apart from these, there are a few other negative welfare factors in goat rearing, which differ across the production system being followed. Such negative practices are predominant in extensive systems and include nutritional stress, limited supply of good quality water, climatic extremes, parasitic infestation and lameness, culminating in low production, reproduction and high mortality rates. Broadly two types of methodologies are available to assess welfare in goats in these systems: (i) animal-based measures include behavioral measurements, health and production records and disease symptoms; (ii) resources based and management-based measures include stocking density, manpower, housing conditions and health plans. Goat welfare could be assessed based on several indicators covering behavioral, physical, physiological and productive responses. The important indicators of goat welfare include agonistic behavior, vocalization, skin temperature, body condition score (BCS), hair coat conditions, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, sweating, reduced growth, reduced milk production and reduced reproductive efficiency. There are also different approaches available by which the welfare of goats could be assessed, such as naturalistic, functional and subjective approaches. Thus, assessing welfare in goats at every production stage is a prerequisite for ensuring appropriate production in this all-important species to guarantee optimum returns to the marginal and subsistence farmers.

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Changes in haematological parameters and oxidative stress response of goats subjected to road transport stress in a hot humid tropical environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Physiological and electroencephalogram responses in goats subjected to pre-and during slaughter stress

Physiological and electroencephalogram responses in goats subjected to pre-and during slaughter stress

Effect of supplementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during a preconditioning period prior to transit on receiving period performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant defense by beef steers

Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations

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