Changes in Gut Microbiota Prior to Influenza A Virus Infection Do Not Affect Immune Responses in Pups or Juvenile Mice

Fuglsang, Eva; Pizzolla, Angela; Krych, Łukasz; Nielsen, Dennis Sandris; Brööks, Andrëw G.; Frøkiær, Hanne; Reading, Patrick C.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00319

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition, interferon production in the lungs have also been reported to alter the composition of intestinal microbes (Wang et al, 2014 ; Deriu et al, 2016 ). Similar to previous studies (Fuglsang et al, 2018a , b ), we found that the abundance of A. muciniphila significantly increased after influenza infection. A recent literature has shown that influenza infection enhanced intestinal Muc2 levels (Deriu et al, 2016 ), which may be related to the upregulation of A. muciniphila , due to muc2 is an essential ingredient to maintain the growth of A. muciniphila .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Host Defense Against Influenza Virus Infection

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Influenza virus infection can alter the composition of the gut microbiota, while its pathogenicity can, in turn, be highly influenced by the gut microbiota. However, the details underlying these associations remain to be determined. The H7N9 influenza virus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen which has caused the death of 616 humans and has incurred huge losses in the poultry industry. Here, we investigated the effects of infection with highly pathogenic H7N9 on gut microbiota and determined potential anti-influenza microbes. 16S rRNA sequencing results show that H7N9 infection alters the mouse gut microbiota by promoting the growth of Akkermansia, Ruminococcus 1, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, and reducing the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Lachnoclostridium. Although the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila is positively related to H7N9 infection, the oral administration of cultures, especially of pasteurized A. muciniphila, can significantly reduce weight loss and mortality caused by H7N9 infection in mice. Furthermore, oral administration of live or pasteurized A. muciniphila significantly reduces pulmonary viral titers and the levels IL-1β and IL-6 but enhances the levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in H7N9-infected mice, suggesting that the anti-influenza role of A. muciniphila is due to its anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Taken together, we showed that the changes in the gut microbiota are associated with H7N9 infection and demonstrated the anti-influenza role of A. muciniphila, which enriches current knowledge about how specific gut bacterial strains protect against influenza infection and suggests a potential anti-influenza probiotic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Host Defense Against Influenza Virus Infection

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Moreover, reduced levels of virus‐specific T‐cells to influenza virus were reported by Abt and colleagues due to changes in macrophage function in antibiotic‐treated mice . Conversely, IAV infection has been reported to not be influenced by antibiotic treatment in immature mice . However, how antibiotic treatment influences pulmonary ILCs in pathogenic infections remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Microbiota – Ilc Axis During Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…133 Conversely, IAV infection has been reported to not be influenced by antibiotic treatment in immature mice. 134 However, how antibiotic treatment influences pulmonary ILCs in pathogenic infections remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Microbiota and Ilcs In Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells in health and disease throughout life

Ganal‐Vonarburg

Duerr

2019

Immunology

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Summary Immunity is shaped by commensal microbiota. From early life onwards, microbes colonize mucosal surfaces of the body and thereby trigger the establishment of immune homeostasis and defense mechanisms. Recent evidence reveals that the family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are mainly located in mucosal tissues, are essential in the maintenance of barrier functions as well as in the initiation of an appropriate immune response upon pathogenic infection. In this review, we summarize recent insights on the functional interaction of microbiota and ILCs at steady‐state and throughout life. Furthermore, we will discuss the interplay of ILCs and the microbiota in mucosal infections focusing on intestinal immunity.

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“…Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by microorganisms commences at birth, immediately after delivery, and the succession of new bacterial colonizers have been shown to be essential for development of the immune system [16][17][18]. Not surprisingly, reduced microbiota diversity as a result of ABX treatment or germfree conditions in early life can affect development of the immune system [19][20][21]. Making the host more vulnerable to infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A Virus Infection Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Juvenile Mice

Fuglsang¹

2018

JIDTM

Self Cite

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The gut microbiota (GM) stimulates the immune system to facilitate appropriate immune responses at local and distal sites of virus infection. However, the impact of distal virus infections in modulating the composition of GM is less clear.Here, a mouse model was used to examine the effect of influenza a virus (IAV) infection on the composition of GM in mice that did or did not receive oral treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics (ABX). We focused on ABX treatment of 3 weeks old juvenile mice, as this represents a dynamic time in the establishment of GM and immunity, followed by mockor IAV-infection 2 weeks later. Mice were subsequently assessed for changes in body weight, viral load in the respiratory tract and the composition of GM. As anticipated, oral ABX treatment reduced the diversity of GM and ABX-treated mice showed exacerbated disease, characterized by enhanced weight loss and increased virus titers in the upper and lower airways. Surprisingly, IAV infection also increased the diversity of GM in ABX-treated mice, resulting in a microbial composition qualitatively and quantitatively different to mock-infected ABX-treated mice and IAV-infected mice that did not receive ABX treatment. Specifically, IAV infection increased the relative abundance of eight different bacteria in GM in ABX mice compared to the GM in mock-infected ABX mice. These findings confirm an important role for GM in functional immune defense against IAV infection in juvenile mice, consistent with previous studies in adult animals. Moreover, we report for the first time that distal IAV infection of the airways can enhance the diversity of an ABX-compromised GM.

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Changes in Gut Microbiota Prior to Influenza A Virus Infection Do Not Affect Immune Responses in Pups or Juvenile Mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Host Defense Against Influenza Virus Infection

Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Host Defense Against Influenza Virus Infection

The interaction of intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells in health and disease throughout life

Influenza A Virus Infection Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Juvenile Mice

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