Changes in gut dimensions and capacity of <i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i> relative to diet quality and energy needs

Green, David A.; Millar, John S.

doi:10.1139/z87-329

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Indeed, our results show that mice do increase food intake, at least after 2weeks, in accordance with other studies of chronic cold exposure in mice and other species (Gross et al, 1985;Toloza et al, 1991;Dykstra and Karasov, 1992;Konarzewski and Diamond, 1994;Naya et al, 2005). The primary response of the gut to cold exposure is to augment intestinal size, including increased mucosal mass (Gross et al, 1985;Green and Millar, 1987;Bozinovic et al, 1988;Hammond and Wunder, 1991;Toloza et al, 1991;Dykstra and Karasov, 1992;Konarzewski and Diamond, 1994;Naya et al, 2005; present study). Additionally, there was a non-significant (P=0.069) rise in nominal surface area (after 2weeks cold exposure) that we may not have had the power to detect with statistical confidence.…”

Section: Intestinal Adjustments To a Cold Environmentsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Further, we hypothesized that intestinal permeability would return to baseline after 2weeks, when intestinal mass and mediated transport mechanisms had compensated for the increased food intake. Two weeks was chosen conservatively as a duration long enough to observe a plateau of changes to gross morphology of the intestine (Green and Millar, 1987;Toloza et al, 1991;Konarzewski and Diamond, 1994). Additionally, at these time points we measured mRNA expression of several tight-junction genes that are hypothesized to be important in regulating permeability to nutrient-sized molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold exposure increases intestinal paracellular permeability to nutrients in the mouse

Price

Ruff

Guerra

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn situations of increased energy demand and food intake, animals can often acclimate within several days. The intestine generally responds to elevated digestive demand by increasing in size. However, there is likely a limit to how quickly the intestine can grow to meet the new demand. We investigated the immediate and longer-term changes to intestinal properties of the mouse when suddenly exposed to 4°C. We hypothesized that paracellular permeability to nutrients would increase as part of an immediate response to elevated absorptive demand. We measured absorption of L-arabinose, intestinal size and gene expression of several tight junction proteins (claudin-2, claudin-4, claudin-15 and ZO-1) at three time points: pre-exposure, and after 1day and 2weeks of cold exposure. Cold exposure increased food intake by 62% after 2weeks but intake was not significantly increased after 1day. Intestinal wet mass was elevated after 1day and throughout the experiment. Absorption of arabinose rose by 20% after 1day in the cold and was 33% higher after 2weeks. Expression of claudin-2 increased after 1day of cold exposure, but there were no changes in expression of any claudin genes when normalized to ZO-1 expression. Our results indicate that intestinal mass can respond rapidly to increased energy demand and that increased paracellular permeability is also part of that response. Increased paracellular permeability may be a consequence of enterocyte hyperplasia, resulting in more tight junctions across which molecules can absorb.

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Section: Intestinal Adjustments To a Cold Environmentsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold exposure increases intestinal paracellular permeability to nutrients in the mouse

Price

Ruff

Guerra

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Digestive plasticity has been linked to change in biochemistry, physiology, as well as morphology of the digestive system (Green & Millar, 1987; Sabat, Novoa, Bozinovic, & Martínez del Rio, 1998). The results presented here indicate that gut microflora could also contribute to digestive plasticity and help the host to adapt to a novel dietary niche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: A comparative study in Rattus

Varudkar

Ramakrishnan

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Anthropophilic species (“commensal” species) that are completely dependent upon anthropic habitats experience different selective pressures particularly in terms of food than their noncommensal counterparts. Using a next‐generation sequencing approach, we characterized and compared the gut microflora community of 53 commensal Rattus rattus and 59 noncommensal Rattus satarae captured in 10 locations in the Western Ghats, India. We observed that, while species identity was important in characterizing the microflora communities of the two Rattus hosts, environmental factors also had a significant effect. While there was significant geographic variation in the microflora of the noncommensal R. satarae, there was no effect of geographic distance on gut microflora of the commensal R. rattus. Interestingly, host genetic distance did not significantly influence the community in either Rattus hosts. Collectively, these results indicate that a shift in habitat is likely to result in a change in the gut microflora community and imply that the gut microflora is a complex trait, influenced by various parameters in different habitats.

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“…GI flexibility has previously been recorded in response to reduced GI function in lab mice (Kristan, 2002;Kristan and Hammond, 2000;Kristan and Hammond, 2001), providing precedence for such a response. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated that deer mice show marked flexibility in the mass and length of their GI tracts in response to increased energy demands or decreased food quality (Green and Millar, 1987;Hammond and Kristan, 2000;Hammond et al, 2001;Koteja, 1996a).…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology Schistosome Infection Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I examined a suite of host phenotypic traits, with the goal of establishing how these traits may interact to determine the overall impact of infection on hosts. Deer mice are good experimental subjects because they are natural hosts for this parasite (Malek, 1977;Price, 1931) and because there is a wealth of data available on deer mouse physiology and energetics Chappell and Hammond, 2004;Green and Millar, 1987;Hammond and Kristan, 2000;Hayes, 1989;Hayes and Chappell, 1986;Hill, 1983;Koteja, 1996a;Koteja, 1996b;Millar, 1979;Millar, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosome infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus):impacts on host physiology, behavior and energetics

Schwanz

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Phenotypic plasticity is an important means through which animals respond to unpredictability and stressors in the environment (Fordyce, 2006;Schlichting and Pigliucci, 1998). Plasticity can occur at many levels, from physiology and morphology to behavior and life history (King and Murphy, 1985). Organ morphology, for example, can be highly flexible in many animals (Piersma and Lindström, 1997;Starck, 1999). The size of gastrointestinal (GI) tract organs changes with energetic and functional demands, increasing during lactation and cold exposure in rodents, decreasing in preparation for migration in birds, and changing over active and hibernation seasons in lizards (e.g. Hammond et al., 1994;Piersma and Lindström, 1997;Tracy and Diamond, 2005). Similarly, metabolic rates can change with season and ambient temperature (e.g. Hill, 1983).Parasites represent an important stressor for many animals, and their effects on host phenotypes can include direct pathologies and host plasticity. For example, parasitism can cause liver and intestinal damage, anemia and increased thermal conductance (Booth et al., 1993;Holmes and Zohar, 1990;Meagher, 1998;Schall et al., 1982;Tocque, 1993;Wiger, 1977). Parasitism can also lead to changes in the energetics and performance of animals, including reduced feeding and activity, impaired anti-predator and competitive behavior, and altered metabolic rates (Arneberg et al., 1996;Booth et al., 1993;Cunningham et al., 1994;Freeland, 1981;Poirier et al., 1995;Rau, 1983a;Rau, 1983b;Rau and Putter, 1984;Schall et al., 1982;Symons, 1985). Finally, parasitized animals may show shifts in organ size and body tissue composition (Kristan, 2002;Kristan and Hammond, 2000;Kristan and Hammond, 2001;Tocque, 1993). Although it is difficult to distinguish between direct parasite impact and host compensation, host alterations in some systems appear to represent phenotypic plasticity to minimize the fitness costs of infection (e.g. Booth et al., 1993;Kristan and Hammond, 2001;Podesta and Mettrick, 1976). Indeed, parasitism can have strong, negative impacts on host fitness through decreases in survival and reproduction (e.g. Crews and Yoshino, 1989;Fuller and Blaustein, 1996;Goater and Ward, 1992;Neuhaus, 2003;Zuk, 1987). The host-parasite relationship, therefore, provides an interesting and ecologically important stage on which to examine phenotypic plasticity and fitness consequences of stressors. Additionally, understanding the phenotypic response of individual hosts is imperative for understanding populationlevel effects and coevolution between hosts and parasites Animals routinely encounter environmental stressors and may employ phenotypic plasticity to compensate for the costs of these perturbations. Parasites represent an ecologically important stressor for animals, which may induce host plasticity. The present study examined the effects of a trematode parasite, Schistosomatium douthitti, on deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) physiology, behavior and energetics. Measures were taken to assess direct pa...

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Changes in gut dimensions and capacity of Peromyscus maniculatus relative to diet quality and energy needs

Cited by 71 publications

References 12 publications

Cold exposure increases intestinal paracellular permeability to nutrients in the mouse

Cold exposure increases intestinal paracellular permeability to nutrients in the mouse

Gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: A comparative study in Rattus

Schistosome infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus):impacts on host physiology, behavior and energetics

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