Changes in gut-associated flora and bacterial digestive enzymes during the development stages of abalone (Haliotis diversicolor)

Zhao, Jing; Shi, Bo; Jiang, Qingru; Ke, Caihuan

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.016

Cited by 51 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hence, the symptoms we observed in microbiota-free D. magna could be attributed to reduced food intake or energy uptake or both. This suggestion is consistent with observations of reduced fat reserves in microbiota-free mice and zebrafish (Bäckhed et al, 2004;Semova et al, 2012) and to findings from abalone and sturgeons relating the presence of different bacteria to enhanced digestive enzyme activities (Askarian et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2012). Although D. magna has digestive enzymes used for breaking down food such as proteases, amylases and lipases (Hasler, 1935;von Elert et al, 2004), the contribution of gut microbiota to these functions is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

2014

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Microbiota have diverse roles in the functioning of their hosts; experiments using model organisms have enabled investigations into these functions. In the model crustacean Daphnia, little knowledge exists about the effect of microbiota on host well being. We assessed the effect of microbiota on Daphnia magna by experimentally depriving animals of their microbiota and comparing their growth, survival and fecundity to that of their bacteria-bearing counterparts. We tested Daphnia coming from both lab-reared parthenogenetic eggs of a single genotype and from genetically diverse field-collected resting eggs. We showed that bacteria-free hosts are smaller, less fecund and have higher mortality than those with microbiota. We also manipulated the association by exposing bacteria-free Daphnia to a single bacterial strain of Aeromonas sp., and to laboratory environmental bacteria. These experiments further demonstrated that the Daphnia-microbiota system is amenable to manipulation under various experimental conditions. The results of this study have implications for studies of D. magna in ecotoxicology, ecology and environmental genomics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

2014

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“…Many temperature-dependent disease outbreaks have been linked to various Vibrio species (Lacoste et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2001;Garnier et al, 2007;Cervino et al, 2008;Elston et al, 2008) that are commonly isolated from healthy marine animals (Prieur et al, 1990;Olafsen et al, 1993;Gomez-Gil et al, 1998;Iida et al, 2000;Vega Thurber et al, 2009;Trabal et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012). The effects of temperature on Vibrio spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

2014

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Microbiota provide their hosts with a range of beneficial services, including defense from external pathogens. However, host-associated microbial communities themselves can act as a source of opportunistic pathogens depending on the environment. Marine poikilotherms and their microbiota are strongly influenced by temperature, but experimental studies exploring how temperature affects the interactions between both parties are rare. To assess the effects of temperature, temperature stress and infection on diversity, composition and dynamics of the hemolymph microbiota of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), we conducted an experiment in a fully-crossed, three-factorial design, in which the temperature acclimated oysters (8 or 22 1C) were exposed to temperature stress and to experimental challenge with a virulent Vibrio sp. strain. We monitored oyster survival and repeatedly collected hemolymph of dead and alive animals to determine the microbiome composition by 16s rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. We found that the microbial dynamics and composition of communities in healthy animals (including infection survivors) were significantly affected by temperature and temperature stress, but not by infection. The response was mediated by changes in the incidence and abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and accompanied by little change at higher taxonomic levels, indicating dynamic stability of the hemolymph microbiome. Dead and moribund oysters, on the contrary, displayed signs of community structure disruption, characterized by very low diversity and proliferation of few OTUs. We can therefore link short-term responses of host-associated microbial communities to abiotic and biotic factors and assess the potential feedback between microbiota dynamics and host survival during disease.

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“…From this point of view, Vibrio AP37 should be considered as an opportunistic pathogen of H. diversicolor. The existence of Harveyi clade bacteria including strain AP37 in healthy abalones H. diversicolor may perhaps confirm this (Zhao et al 2012). Vibrio harveyi has been identified as a causative agent of disease in abalones .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Six major enzymes (protease, lipase, agarase, amylase, cellulase and alginate-degrading enzyme) of strain AP37 were analysed to investigate the activities of extracellular products, as described previously (Zhao et al 2012). All plates were prepared in 3 replicates and incubated at 28°C overnight.…”

Section: Enzymatic and Haemolytic Properties Of Strain Ap37mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of Vibrio harveyi associated with diseased abalone Haliotis diversicolor

Jiang¹,

Shi²,

Ke³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Mass mortality of farmed small abalone Haliotis diversicolor occurred in Fujian, China, from 2009 to 2011. Among isolates obtained from moribund abalones, the dominant species AP37 exhibited the strongest virulence. After immersion challenge with 10 6 CFU ml −1 of AP37, abalone mortalities of 0, 53 and 67% were induced at water temperatures of 20°C, 24°C, and 28°C, respectively. Following intramuscular injection, AP37 showed a low LD 50 (median lethal concentration) value of 2.9 × 10 2 CFU g −1 (colony forming units per gram abalone wet body weight). The LT 50 (median lethal time) values were 5.2 h for 1 × 10 6 CFU abalone . For further analysis of virulence, AP37 was screened for the production of extracellular factors. The results showed that various factors including presence of flagella and production of extracellular enzymes, such as lipase, phospholipase and haemolysin, could be responsible for pathogenesis. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain AP37 showed > 98.8% similarity to Vibrio harveyi, V. campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. algi nolyticus, V. na trie gens and V. rotiferianus, so it could not be identified by this method. However, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of concatenated sequences, including the rpoD, rctB, gyrB, toxR and pyrH genes, identified strain AP37 as V. harveyi. Phenotypic characters of AP37 were identified by API 20E. In antibiotic susceptibility tests, strain AP37 exhibited susceptibility to 7 antibiotics and resistance to 13. This is the first report of a V. harveyi-related species being linked with the mass mortality of adult abalone H. diversicolor in southern China.

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Changes in gut-associated flora and bacterial digestive enzymes during the development stages of abalone (Haliotis diversicolor)

Cited by 51 publications

References 34 publications

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

Identification and characterization of Vibrio harveyi associated with diseased abalone Haliotis diversicolor

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