Changes in gene expression and histological injuries as a result of exposure of<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>to the toxic dinoflagellate<i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i>

García-Lagunas, Norma; Romero-Geraldo, Reyna; Hernández-Saavedra, Norma Y.

doi:10.1093/mollus/eyv053

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Histopathological changes have been already described in bivalves exposed to A. spinosum [39] or other toxic microalgae (e.g., Prorocentrum rhathymum , O. cf. ovata , Gymnodinium catenatum and Prorocentrum lima ) [45,58,61,62,63], and in mice, where AZAs caused erosion and shortening of intestinal villi [30,50]. However, a direct role of AZAs on digestive tissue morphology is still controversial, since no structural damage to intestinal cells was demonstrated after in vitro treatment with these biotoxins [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of the Azaspiracid-Producing Dinoflagellate Azadinium dexteroporum in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2019

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Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine biotoxins including a variety of analogues. Recently, novel AZAs produced by the Mediterranean dinoflagellate Azadinium dexteroporum were discovered (AZA-54, AZA-55, 3-epi-AZA-7, AZA-56, AZA-57 and AZA-58) and their biological effects have not been investigated yet. This study aimed to identify the biological responses (biomarkers) induced in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis after the bioaccumulation of AZAs from A. dexteroporum. Organisms were fed with A. dexteroporum for 21 days and subsequently subjected to a recovery period (normal diet) of 21 days. Exposed organisms accumulated AZA-54, 3-epi-AZA-7 and AZA-55, predominantly in the digestive gland. Mussels’ haemocytes showed inhibition of phagocytosis activity, modulation of the composition of haemocytic subpopulation and damage to lysosomal membranes; the digestive tissue displayed thinned tubule walls, consumption of storage lipids and accumulation of lipofuscin. Slight genotoxic damage was also observed. No clear occurrence of oxidative stress and alteration of nervous activity was detected in AZA-accumulating mussels. Most of the altered parameters returned to control levels after the recovery phase. The toxic effects detected in M. galloprovincialis demonstrate a clear biological impact of the AZAs produced by A. dexteroporum, and could be used as early indicators of contamination associated with the ingestion of seafood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of the Azaspiracid-Producing Dinoflagellate Azadinium dexteroporum in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2019

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“…However, potential oyster pathogens were identified in this study, such as the Alexandrium and Pseudoperkinsus genera. In addition, another dominant genus was already found to affect oysters, such as Gymnodinium that might cause oyster tissue injuries [33]. Lastly, BLASTn searches revealed that the Trichodina genus was similar to an isolate already identified within another bivalve species (Mizuhopecten yessoensis).…”

Section: Protist Assemblages Within Oyster Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 81%

Unveiling protist diversity associated with the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using blocking and excluding primers

et al. 2020

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Background: Microbiome of macroorganisms might directly or indirectly influence host development and homeostasis. Many studies focused on the diversity and distribution of prokaryotes within these assemblages, but the eukaryotic microbial compartment remains underexplored so far. Results: To tackle this issue, we compared blocking and excluding primers to analyze microeukaryotic communities associated with Crassostrea gigas oysters. High-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA genes variable loops revealed that excluding primers performed better by not amplifying oyster DNA, whereas the blocking primer did not totally prevent host contaminations. However, blocking and excluding primers showed similar pattern of alpha and beta diversities when protist communities were sequenced using metabarcoding. Alveolata, Stramenopiles and Archaeplastida were the main protist phyla associated with oysters. In particular, Codonellopsis, Cyclotella, Gymnodinium, Polarella, Trichodina, and Woloszynskia were the dominant genera. The potential pathogen Alexandrium was also found in high abundances within some samples. Conclusions: Our study revealed the main protist taxa within oysters as well as the occurrence of potential oyster pathogens. These new primer sets are promising tools to better understand oyster homeostasis and disease development, such as the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) targeting juveniles.

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“…gigas juveniles increased in a short exposure time by the toxic dinoflagellate, G . catenatum [ 53 , 54 ] and P. lima exposure [ 55 ]. Therefore, the high expression level of CfGP3x s maintained in scallop hepatopancreas, as well as the significantly regulated expression of CfGPx s in kidneys reasonably supported the fact that these two organs were the main centers involved in detoxification and antioxidant defense, but with different roles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-Biased and Species-Specific Regulation of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Genes in Scallops Exposed to Toxic Dinoflagellates

Hlaing

Lou

Cheng

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Marine bivalves could accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by toxic microalgae, which might induce oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are key enzymes functioning in the antioxidant defense, whereas our understanding of their roles in PST challenge in bivalves is limited. Herein, through genome-wide screening, we identified nine (CfGPx) and eight (PyGPx) GPx genes in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), respectively, and revealed the expansion of GPx3 sub-family in both species. RNA-Seq analysis revealed high expression of scallop GPx3s after D stage larva during early development, and in adult hepatopancreas. However, in scallops exposed to PST-producing dinoflagellates, no GPx was significantly induced in the hepatopancreas. In scallop kidneys where PSTs were transformed to higher toxic analogs, most CfGPxs were up-regulated, with CfGPx3s being acutely and chronically induced by Alexandrium minutum and A. catenella exposure, respectively, but only one PyGPx from GPx3 subfamily was up-regulated by A. catenella exposure. Our results suggest the function of scallop GPxs in protecting kidneys against the oxidative stresses by PST accumulation or transformation. The tissue-, species-, and toxin-dependent expression pattern of scallop GPxs also implied their functional diversity in response to toxin exposure.

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Changes in gene expression and histological injuries as a result of exposure ofCrassostrea gigasto the toxic dinoflagellateGymnodinium catenatum

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Biological Effects of the Azaspiracid-Producing Dinoflagellate Azadinium dexteroporum in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea

Biological Effects of the Azaspiracid-Producing Dinoflagellate Azadinium dexteroporum in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea

Unveiling protist diversity associated with the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using blocking and excluding primers

Tissue-Biased and Species-Specific Regulation of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Genes in Scallops Exposed to Toxic Dinoflagellates

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