Changes in functional diversity and intraspecific trait variability of weeds in response to crop sequences and climate

Borgy, Benjamin; Perronne, Rémi; Kohler, Caroline; Grison, A. L.; Amiaud, Bernard; Gaba, Sabrina

doi:10.1111/wre.12190

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Taking into account intraspecific trait variation would also be of interest, especially to test the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to fidelity to arable fields. Arable weed traits, notably leaf traits, indeed strongly vary with ontogeny and local conditions (Storkey, ; Perronne et al., ; Borgy et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes a weed a weed? A large‐scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens

Bourgeois

Munoz

Fried

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise of the Study Despite long‐term research efforts, a comprehensive perspective on the ecological and functional properties determining plant weediness is still lacking. We investigated here key functional attributes of arable weeds compared to non‐weed plants, at large spatial scale. Methods We used an intensive survey of plant communities in cultivated and non‐cultivated habitats to define a pool of plants occurring in arable fields (weeds) and one of plants occurring only in open non‐arable habitats (non‐weeds) in France. We compared the two pools based on nine functional traits and three functional spaces (LHS, reproductive and resource requirement hypervolumes). Within the weed pool, we quantified the trait variation of weeds along a continuum of specialization to arable fields. Key Results Weeds were mostly therophytes and had higher specific leaf area, earlier and longer flowering, and higher affinity for nutrient‐rich, sunny and dry environments compared to non‐weeds, although functional spaces of weeds and non‐weeds largely overlapped. When fidelity to arable fields increased, the spectrum of weed ecological strategies decreased as did the overlap with non‐weeds, especially for the resource requirement hypervolume. Conclusions Arable weeds constitute a delimited pool defined by a trait syndrome providing tolerance to the ecological filters of arable fields (notably, regular soil disturbances and fertilization). The identification of such a syndrome is of great interest to predict the weedy potential of newly established alien plants. An important reservoir of plants may also become weeds after changes in agricultural practices, considering the large overlap between weeds and non‐weeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes a weed a weed? A large‐scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens

Bourgeois

Munoz

Fried

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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“…The assembly of weed communities in arable land depends on how the local species pool is filtered by environmental, biotic and management factors (Götzenberger et al ., ; Borgy et al ., ). In a continuously disturbed habitat like an arable field, weed species assemblage is highly dynamic, with a pace mainly dictated by the frequency and intensity of human disturbance (Fried et al ., ; Gaba et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Linking species traits to agroecosystem services: a functional analysis of weed communities

et al. 2018

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There is a growing interest in the use of functional approaches for the study of weed assemblages, to disentangle underlying processes determining their composition and dynamics. Functional approaches are based on the assumption that weed community composition and dynamics can be best explained by a set of species traits expressing their response to agricultural disturbance. This knowledge should help develop more sustainable, ecologically based weed management systems. Trait-based data required for this kind of analysis are available from various sources, but most of them either cover mainly non-weedy species or, in the case of weed-focussed trait databases, they cover a limited number of species. In this work, we present a trait database for 240 weed species common throughout Europe, including not only response traits but also effect traits, that is linked to selected agroecosystem services and disservices. A case study is presented where our weed trait database is used in conjunction with appropriate statistical analysis to highlight the distribution of weed functional groups in soyabean crop communities from an experiment including different tillage and weed management systems. Finally, we discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this functional approach. By highlighting the links between weed species and agroecosystem (dis)services, this approach could be a useful resource for scientists, farm managers and policymakers.

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“…Further, the continuity of a species in a place is strongly related to its capacity to produce offspring there. When plants are very dense, as in the field we studied, intra-specific and inter-specific competition is important [51]. We found that thornapple excludes johnsongrass where wheel tracks have compacted the soil (or, alternatively, johnsongrass excludes thornapple in non-compacted areas).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Spatial Analysis of Digital Imagery of Weeds in a Maize Crop

Martín

Milne

Webster

et al. 2018

IJGI

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Abstract:Modern photographic imaging of agricultural crops can pin-point individual weeds, the patterns of which can be analyzed statistically to reveal how they are affected by variation in soil, by competition from other species and by agricultural operations. This contrasts with previous research on the patchiness of weeds that has generally used grid sampling and ignored processes operating at a fine scale. Nevertheless, an understanding of the interaction of biology, environment and management at all scales will be required to underpin robust precise control of weeds. We studied the spatial distributions of six common weed species in a maize field in central Spain. We obtained digital imagery of a rectangular plot 41.0 m by 10.5 m (= 430.5 m 2 ) and from it recorded the exact coordinates of every seedling: more than 82,000 individuals in all. We analyzed the resulting body of data using three techniques: an aggregation analysis of the punctual distributions, a geostatistical analysis of quadrat counts and wavelet analysis of quadrat counts. We found that all species were aggregated with average distances across patches ranging from 3 cm-18 cm. Species with small seeds tended to occur in larger patches than those with large seeds. Several species had aggregation patterns that repeated periodically at right angles to the direction of the crop rows. Wheel tracks favored some species (e.g., thornapple), whereas other species (e.g., johnsongrass) were denser elsewhere. Interactions between species at finer scales (<1 m) were negligible, although a negative correlation between thornapple and cocklebur was evident. We infer that the spatial distributions of weeds at the fine scales are products both of their biology and local environment caused by cultivation, with interactions between species playing a minor role. Spatial analysis of such high-resolution imagery can reveal patterns that are not immediately evident from sampling at coarser scales and aid our understanding of how and why weeds aggregate in patches.

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Changes in functional diversity and intraspecific trait variability of weeds in response to crop sequences and climate

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

What makes a weed a weed? A large‐scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens

What makes a weed a weed? A large‐scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens

Linking species traits to agroecosystem services: a functional analysis of weed communities

Spatial Analysis of Digital Imagery of Weeds in a Maize Crop

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