Changes in Food Attitudes as a Function of Hunger

Lozano, Dora Isabel; Crites, Stephen L.; Aikman, Shelley N.

doi:10.1006/appe.1998.0205

Cited by 99 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We explored whether nutrition knowledge moderated the association between the five evaluative bases and attitudes 3 Based on our previous research (Lozano et al, 1999), we expected food attitudes to be significantly more positive in the pre-meal than post-meal measurement sessions. The low measurement session variance demonstrates that this did not occur.…”

Section: Analyses and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of nutrition knowledge on food evaluations

Crites

Aikman

2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: This study explored whether nutrition knowledge interacted with evaluations of a food's healthiness to influence food attitudes (ie, global evaluations). Since attitudes guide behavior, understanding factors that impact food attitudes is one way to understand food selection and why factors such as nutrition knowledge have only a modest impact on food selection. We hypothesized that the relation between health evaluations and food attitudes would be stronger for people high in nutrition knowledge. We also explored the macronutrient composition of foods, and how it related to attitudes and health evaluations. Design: Survey employing multilevel analyses to examine within-and between-subject influences on food attitudes. Setting: Student unions at two universities in the Southwestern US. Subjects: A total of 138 participants (mean age ¼ 19.8; 69 males, 67 females, two unreported). Interventions: Participants indicated their attitudes toward; experience with; and health, flavor, and affective evaluations of 24 foods before and after lunch and completed questionnaires assessing individual difference variables. Results: Experience and evaluations of healthiness, flavor, positive affect, and negative affect all predicted food attitudes. Health evaluations were more strongly associated with attitudes for people high in nutrition knowledge. Conclusions: These findings suggest a mechanism through which individual differences impact food attitudes and thus likely influence food selection.

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Section: Analyses and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of nutrition knowledge on food evaluations

Crites

Aikman

2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…When hungry, one is likely to retrieve especially rewarding simulations (based on earlier, highly rewarding eating experiences), in contrast to retrieving less rewarding simulations when satiated. Consistent with this account, research has repeatedly shown that food deprivation and feeling hungry increase reward responses to food, especially to high-calorie food, both in behavioral and neuroimaging studies (Berridge, 1996;Cabanac, 1971;Lavy & van den Hout, 1993;Lozano, Crites, & Aikman, 1999;Raynor & Epstein, 2003;Seibt et al, 2007;Siep et al, 2009;van der Laan, de Ridder, Viergever, & Smeets, 2011). In short, by triggering more rewarding simulations, hunger boosts the perceived attractiveness and choices of palatable, high-calorie foods.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Mindful Attention and The Effects Of Hungermentioning

confidence: 88%

The benefits of simply observing: Mindful attention modulates the link between motivation and behavior.

Papies¹,

Pronk²,

Keesman³

et al. 2015

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

165

182

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Mindful attention, a central component of mindfulness meditation, can be conceived as becoming aware of one's thoughts and experiences, and being able to observe them as transient mental events. Here, we present a series of studies demonstrating the effects of applying this meta-cognitive perspective to one's spontaneous reward responses when encountering attractive stimuli. Taking a grounded cognition perspective, we argue that reward simulations in response to attractive stimuli contribute to appetitive behavior, and that motivational states and traits enhance these simulations. Directing mindful attention at these

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“…Moreover, it can increase men's preference for heavier women, who presumably have richer calorie resources (4). In contrast, hunger does not influence people's evaluations of calorie-unrelated objects that are irrelevant to the satisfaction of hunger (1). This, however, does not necessarily imply an absence of differences in behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It makes food seem more attractive (1) and motivates people to spend time and money seeking, acquiring, and consuming it (2). Hunger can also increase people's desire for money that can be exchanged for calories (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These acquisition concepts, once accessible in memory, may influence subsequent decisions to acquire objects, even when these objects (say, binder clips) are clearly unable to satisfy the hunger motive. In sum, we assume that hunger induces a desire to consume food (1). This renders consumption-related concepts more accessible, including concepts of acquisition, given that the acquisition of food is a necessary part of the food consumption sequence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hunger promotes acquisition of nonfood objects

Schwarz

Wyer

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hunger motivates people to consume food, for which finding and acquiring food is a prerequisite. We test whether the acquisition component spills over to nonfood objects: Are hungry people more likely to acquire objects that cannot satisfy their hunger? Five laboratory and field studies show that hunger increases the accessibility of acquisition-related concepts and the intention to acquire not only food but also nonfood objects. Moreover, people act on this intention and acquire more nonfood objects (e.g., binder clips) when they are hungry, both when these items are freely available and when they must be paid for. However, hunger does not influence how much they like nonfood objects. We conclude that a basic biologically based motivation can affect substantively unrelated behaviors that cannot satisfy the motivation. This presumably occurs because hunger renders acquisitionrelated concepts and behaviors more accessible, which influences decisions in situations to which they can be applied.hunger | food vs. nonfood | wanting vs. liking | spillover effect | mindset

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Changes in Food Attitudes as a Function of Hunger

Cited by 99 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of nutrition knowledge on food evaluations

Impact of nutrition knowledge on food evaluations

The benefits of simply observing: Mindful attention modulates the link between motivation and behavior.

Hunger promotes acquisition of nonfood objects

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