Changes in fatty acids during storage of artisanal‐processed freshwater sardines (Rastrineobola argentea)

Abstract

For ages, indigenous small fish species have been important in food and nutritional security of poor communities in low income countries. Freshwater fish, in particular fatty fish species are attracting a great attention because they are good sources of health promoting long chain omega‐3 fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n‐3), Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n‐3) are the main omega‐3 PUFAs known to confer health benefits in humans if consumed in required amounts. While nutritionally valued, omega‐3 PUFAs in fish are susceptible to oxidative damage during processing, transportation and subsequent storage. Lake Victoria sardines (Rastrineobola argentea), are rich source of chemically unstable omega‐3 fatty acids DHA, DPA and EPA. Traditionally, sardines are preserved by sun drying, deep frying and smoking. Sardine products are transported, stored and marketed at ambient temperatures. Generally, uncontrolled and higher temperatures are known to increase vulnerability of polyunsaturated fatty acids to oxidation which in turn results into loss of nutritional and sensory qualities. This study investigated changes of fat acids in sun dried, deep fried and smoked sardines during storage. Lipolysis and the progressive hydroperoxides formation were monitored by free fatty acids (FFAs) and peroxide value (PV) respectively. None volatile secondary products of lipid oxidation were measured by thiobabituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flameionization detector (GC‐FID). Deep fried sardines maintained the lowest and apparently stable PV, TBARS and FFAs. Proportions of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased with time while that of monounsaturated fatty acids increased. Omega‐3 fatty acids EPA, DPA and DHA decreased with increase in storage time. In 21 days of storage, DHA was oxidized beyond detectable levels in all sardine products. Gradual increase in FFAs in sun dried sardines was suggestive of lipid hydrolysis induced by enzymes.

Tracing the Impact of Domestic Storage Conditions on Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Profiles in the Edible Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Tetraselmis chui

“…Interestingly, the SFA of both C. vulgaris and T. chui also showed a decrease under light, frozen, and heated conditions compared to the control condition. This reduction was already observed in other food matrices during storage [ 31 ]. The decrease in SFA as well as other FA could potentially be linked to the action of lipases.…”

Biopreservation of Fresh Sardines (Sardina pilchardus) Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OV50 Isolated from Traditional Algerian Green Olives Preparations

“…These results support the use of OV50 as a biopreservative in fresh sardines. Proteins have a major impact on the texture and nutritional value of sardines [32], while lipids are capable of causing rancidity and degrading the flavor of foods [33]. Maintaining these natural protein and lipid levels throughout product storage is expected to be an added value, which was ensured by the OV50 strain used in this study.…”

Application of the Effect of Nonthermal Technologies on the Oxidation of Proteins and Lipids in Pigeon Meat during Chilled Storage

“…However, palmitic acid has been associated with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans [38]. Previous studies have shown that palmitic acid is the most abundant saturated fatty acid, which decreases with increasing storage time [40]. Te C4, MA, and LV groups had the lowest palmitic acid relative content among the treatment groups.…”