Changes in fatty acid synthesis associated with growth and fattening

Rl, Hood

doi:10.1079/pns19830034

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The appetite, feeding system, physical activity and genetic factors play important roles in fat storage (Hood 1983). Broiler chickens, depending on age and rearing conditions, spend most of the time resting (Weeks et al 2000).…”

Section: Broiler Chickens Environmental Enrichment Housing Design mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Şimşek¹,

Dalkiliç²,

Çiftçi³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of enrichment housing design on performance, selected welfare indicators, chicken meat composition and serum cholesterol concentration of broiler chicken.For this purpose, 480 Ross-308 chicks were assigned to two groups, Control and Test, each with 4 replications. The pens of the Test Group were enriched with perches and sand bedding. At the end of the study, 8 males and 8 females whose live weights were close to the group average from each group were slaughtered. Their blood was collected and serum was separated. For chemical analysis of the chicken meat, whole carcasses of 4 males and 4 females, and half of the breast and left thigh from the remaining 4 males and 4 females were collected. In the carcass group, whole carcass with its bones was minced, whereas in the other groups breast and tight meat were separated from the bones and minced in a meat grinder, homogenized with an electronic mixer, then flash frozen (-40 °C, 8-10 h) and stored (-20 °C, 3-4 weeks) until analysed.There was no significant difference between the groups in body weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and survivability. Litter moisture of the sand bedding was lower than that of the wood shavings. Contact dermatitis of hocks was reduced in the Test Group (P < 0.05). Length, width, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the left tibiotarsus were similar between groups. The protein ratio of thigh meat was higher (P < 0.01), and fat ratio of the meat was lower (P < 0.05) in the Test Group. Enriched housing design increased serum HDL cholesterol level and decreased thigh meat cholesterol level (P < 0.05).In conclusion, it was found that housing enriched with perches and sand bedding in addition to wood shavings bedding improved broiler welfare and meat quality. Broiler chickens, environmental enrichment, housing design, performance, welfare, meat quality, serum cholesterolThe appetite, feeding system, physical activity and genetic factors play important roles in fat storage (Hood 1983). Broiler chickens, depending on age and rearing conditions, spend most of the time resting (Weeks et al. 2000). There is a significant correlation between decreasing physical activity and adiposity (Ekelund et al. 2006). The lack of exercise is considered the main cause of leg weakness, and extreme durations of sitting on poor quality litter result in skin lesions on the breast and legs (Bessei 2006).Enviromental enrichments can increase activity and thus improve both physical and psychological well-being. Maintaining balance while perching, and stepping onto and over perches exercise leg muscles and joints in a way that is different from simply walking. Wing and breast muscles are also utilized while walking and balancing on a perch (Newberry and Hall 1990; Le Van et al. 2000). Because of its attractiveness to broiler chickens for pecking and scratching behaviours, sand bedding could be utilized for exercise of body muscles (Shields et al. 2004). In addition ...

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Section: Broiler Chickens Environmental Enrichment Housing Design mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Şimşek¹,

Dalkiliç²,

Çiftçi³

et al. 2009

Acta Vet. Brno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There were no significant differences between live weights of the two treatment groups at any age. Carcass composition within a breed is related more to live weights than to age (Hood, 1983). Therefore, it is advantageous that in this study comparisons were made between birds of similar weight at each age, eliminating the possibility of a major influence of differences in live weight on results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adipose Tissue Deposition and Cellularity in Cimaterol-Treated Female Broilers

Merkley

Cartwright

1989

Poultry Science

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The effect of feeding a beta agonist, cimaterol, on carcass yield and composition and adipose tissue development was studied in female broilers. Cimaterol was provided at .25 ppm in the feed starting at 4 wk of age. Birds were sacrificed at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 wk for determination of eviscerated carcass yield, carcass composition, and growth and cellularity of the abdominal, neck, back, and sartorial adipose depots. Carcass yield was significantly (P less than .01) greater in treated birds than in controls (70.0 vs. 72.8%) at 10 wk of age. Moisture percentage and protein decreased (P less than .05) less rapidly in treated carcasses than in control carcasses with increasing age. Lipid percentage increased (P less than .05) in treated carcasses less rapidly than in control carcasses. The weight of the abdominal fat pad was significantly (P less than .05) lower in treated birds than controls at 16 wk. There were no significant treatment effects on live weights, skeletal growth, or liver weights at any age. The composition of the pectoralis minor was not affected by the treatment. Frequency distributions of adipocyte diameters from the neck and thigh differed from those of the abdominal and back depots at 16 wk. Adipocyte diameter appeared to be more sensitive to the dietary treatment than adipocyte numbers per depot. Both adipocyte size and numbers in each depot continued to increase with increasing age of the broilers. The abdominal fat pad showed the largest percentage increase in cell numbers from 4 to 16 wk of age.

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“…Oruwari et al (1986) reported nonsignificant increases in live body weights beyond 49 days of age, whereas substantial increases in abdominal fat occurred in older quail. In mature birds, it has been assumed that growth of adipose tissue is due mainly to cellular hypertrophy (Pfaff and Austic, 1976;Hood, 1983). Therefore, the effect on body fat of feeding a beta agonist may be more readily apparent upon cell volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth Response to Chronic Beta Agonist Feeding and Mature Carcass Characteristics of Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Selected for High and Low Body Densities

Merkley

Garwood

1989

Poultry Science

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A study was conducted to determine the effect of long-term feeding of a beta agonist (cimaterol) on female Japanese quail. Quail used were from lines selected for high (HD) and low (LD) body density from a randombred population. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) the basal feed, 2) the basal feed containing .5 ppm, or 3) 1.0 ppm of the beta agonist. The treatment period for the six experimental groups extended from 14 to 94 days of age. Weight gains to 49 days and live weights at 94 days of age were greater (P less than .05) in the cimaterol-fed groups. Age and live weight at first egg in both lines were greater (P less than .01) when groups were fed treated diets. Eviscerated carcass yields were higher (P less than .01) and carcass moisture was lower (P less than .05) in treated groups. There were no differences in carcass fat or protein among the dietary treatments. Abdominal fat pad weights were larger (P less than .05) in the heavier (P less than .01) HD line but were not significantly affected by cimaterol. Abdominal adipocyte diameters were significantly larger in HD (P less than .05) and cimaterol-treated (P less than .05) quail.

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Changes in fatty acid synthesis associated with growth and fattening

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Effects of Enriched Housing Design on Broiler Performance, Welfare, Chicken Meat Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Adipose Tissue Deposition and Cellularity in Cimaterol-Treated Female Broilers

Growth Response to Chronic Beta Agonist Feeding and Mature Carcass Characteristics of Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Selected for High and Low Body Densities

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