Changes in fatty acid composition of human milk over lactation stages and relationship with dietary intake in Chinese women

Jiang, Jiajing; Wu, Kan; Yu, Zuxun; Ren, Yiping; Zhao, Yiming; Jiang, Yanlong; Xu, Xiao; Wei, Li; Jin, Yongxin; Yuan, Jihong; Li, Duo

doi:10.1039/c6fo00304d

Cited by 73 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(72 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Specifically, the fatty acid composition of breastmilk has been shown to differ by lactation stage 41, 42 , thus, samples included transitional (2-weeks) and established milk (4-months) to identify changes due to maternal obesity at each point individually. Transitional HM was not different in TAG amount, but in established HM the OW group had significantly greater TAG than did the NW and OB groups ( P = 0.048 and 0.01) (Figure 1A), which was consistent with percentage of milk fat creamatocrit values (not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Objectives Excessive infant weight gain in the first 6-months of life is a powerful predictor of childhood obesity and related health risks. In mice, omega-6 fatty acids (FA) serve as potent ligands driving adipogenesis during early development. The ratio of omega-6 relative to omega-3 (n-6/n-3) FA in human milk (HM) has increased 3-fold over the last 30 years, but the impact of this shift on infant adipose development remains undetermined. This study investigated how maternal obesity and maternal dietary FA (as reflected in maternal red blood cells (RBC) composition) influenced HM n-6 and n-3 FAs, and whether the HM n-6/n-3 ratio was associated with changes in infant adipose deposition between 2-weeks and 4-months postpartum. Subjects/Methods Forty-eight infants from normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB) mothers were exclusively or predominantly breastfed over the first 4 months of lactation. Mid-feed HM and maternal RBC were collected at either transitional (2-weeks) or established (4-months) lactation, along with infant body composition assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. The FA composition of HM and maternal RBC was measured quantitatively by lipid mass spectrometry. Results In transitional and established HM, DHA was lower (P=0.008; 0.005) and the AA/DHA+EPA ratio was higher (P=0.05; 0.02) in the OB relative to the NW group. Maternal prepregnancy BMI and AA/ DHA+EPA ratios in transitional and established HM were moderately correlated (P=0.018; 0.001). Total infant fat mass was increased in the upper AA/DHA+EPA tertile of established HM relative to the lower tertile (P=0.019). The amount of changes in infant fat mass and % body fat were predicted by AA/EPA+DHA ratios in established HM (P=0.038; 0.010). Conclusions Perinatal infant exposures to a high AA/EPA+DHA ratio during the first 4-months of life, which is primarily reflective of maternal dietary FA, may significantly contribute to the way infants accumulate adipose.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although it is not firmly established whether HM composition differs by gestational age [18], deviations for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n−3), as an example, have been observed in preterm compared to term HM [19]. Whether FA composition varies with lactational stages, as shown for other nutrients, is controversial with some [20][21][22][23] but not all [24] publications demonstrating changes over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk fatty acid profile across lactational stages after term and preterm delivery: A pooled data analysis

Floris

Stahl

Abrahamse‐Berkeveld

et al. 2020

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Lipids in human milk (HM) provide the majority of energy for developing infants, as well as crucial essential fatty acids (FA). The FA composition of HM is highly variable and influenced by multiple factors. We sought to increase understanding of the variation in HMFA profiles and their development over the course of lactation, and after term and preterm delivery, using a pooled data analysis. Objective: To review the literature and perform a pooled data analysis to qualitatively describe an extensive FA profile (36 FAs) in term and preterm colostrum, transitional -and mature milk up to 60 days postpartum. Design: A Medline search was conducted for HMFA profile data following term or preterm delivery. The search was confined to English language papers published between January 1980 and August 2018. Studies reporting original data, extensive FA profiles in HM from healthy mothers were included. Weighted least squares (WLS) means were calculated from the pooled data using random or fixed effect models. Results: Our pooled data analysis included data from 55 studies worldwide, for a total of 4374 term milk samples and 1017 preterm milk samples, providing WLS means for 36 FAs. Patterns in both term and preterm milk were apparent throughout lactation for some FAs: The most abundant FAs (palmitic, linoleic and oleic acid) remained stable over time, whereas several long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (including ARA and DHA) seemed to decrease and short-and medium-chain FAs increased over time.Conclusions: High heterogeneity between individual studies was observed for the reported levels of some FAs, whereas other FAs were remarkably consistent between studies. Our pooled data suggests that specific FA categories fluctuate according to distinct patterns over the course of lactation; many of these patterns are comparable between term and preterm milk.

show abstract

“…22 A extração em fase sólida (SPE) também pode ser utilizada na extração de diferentes classes de lipídios, utilizando-se cartuchos contendo uma fase sólida para a extração dos lipídios, que são posteriormente eluidos com solventes orgânicos adequados, enquanto os interferentes permanecem retidos na fase sólida, promovendo a separação das fases de interesse. 36,47,48 Kallio et al (2017) utilizaram a SPE para isolar TAGs e Pérez-Cejuela et al (2018) para extrair fosfolipídios, utilizarando cartuchos à base de sílica gel e os resultados de ambos os trabalhos mostraram-se eficientes para tais objetivos. 36,37 Já Garwolińska et al (2017) empregaram a técnica de micro-extração em fase sólida (SPME) para a extração de lipídios, com o objetivo de identificar glicerofosfolipídios, glicerolipídios e esfingolipídios.…”

Section: Extração E Posterior Dosagem Lipídica Do Leite Humanounclassified

“…18 As colunas capilares de cianopropil variando de 30 a 60 m de comprimento são bastante empregadas em análises de AGs de LH por ser uma fase estacionária polar, proporcionando maior seletividade e poder de resolução na separação dos isômeros. 47,51 O GC acoplado ao detector por ionização em chama (Flame Ionization Detector -F ID) é o método de separação e determinação mais utilizado por ser mais barato, além dos ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos (EMAGs ou FAMEsfatty acid methyl esters) poderem ser facilmente identificados e detectados, sendo o FID robusto, barato (quando comparado a outros detectores) e de fácil manutenção. 52 A identificação dos EMAGs é feita baseando-se na ordem de eluição e no tempo de retenção destes analitos e comparando-os com padrões.…”

Section: Cromatogra Ia Em Fase Gasosa (Gc)unclassified

“…O conteúdo destes AGs apresentaram diferença significativa entre as regiões da China, sendo que a diferença de hábitos alimentares foi um fator influenciador destes resultados. 47 Barreiro et al (2018) utilizaram a GC equipada com o FID como detector e uma coluna capilar DB-Was (60 m de comprimento e 0,25 μm de diâmetro interno) para comparar o perfil de AGs em LH com fórmulas infantis. O hidrogênio foi utilizado como gás de arraste e a temperatura do injetor e do detector foram de 260 °C.…”

Section: Cromatogra Ia Em Fase Gasosa (Gc)unclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analytical Methods Used for the Determination of Lipids in Human Milk: A Review

Rydlewski¹,

Pizzo²,

Manin³

et al. 2020

Rev. Virtual Quim.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human milk is considered the ideal and most complete food for the neonate, due to its balanced nutritional composition, which contributes to the full physical and neurological development of the infant. The lipids present in human milk are sources of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 series, such as linoleic acid and omega-3 series, such as α-linolenic acid, are essential and are also precursors of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are involved in a number of functions, such as the development of the nervous system during childhood and the increase in the intelligence quotient of the infant. Due to the lipid importance of human milk, the aim of this review article was to present the analytical methods that are currently being employed to determine its lipid composition. There are few scientific advances in lipid extraction methods and to date, most studies have evaluated the composition of fatty acids by gas chromatography. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have been widely used to identify and quantify different classes of lipids of human milk. O leite humano é considerado o alimento ideal e mais completo para o neonato, devido à sua composição nutricional equilibrada, contribuindo para o pleno desenvolvimento físico e neurológico do lactente. Os lipídios presentes no leite humano são fontes de ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poliinsaturados. Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados da série ômega-6, como o ácido linoleico e da série ômega-3, como o α-linolênico, são essenciais e também são precursores de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa, como o ácido araquidônico, ácido eicosapentaenoico e ácido docosahexaenoico, que estão envolvidos no desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso e no aumento do quociente de inteligência do lactente. Devido à importância lipídica do leite humano, o objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi apresentar os métodos analíticos que têm sido atualmente mais empregados para determinar sua composição lipídica. Há poucos avanços científicos quanto aos métodos de extração lipídica e até o presente momento, grande parte dos estudos avaliaram, a composição em ácidos graxos, a partir de cromatografia em fase gasosa. A cromatografia líquida e a espectrometria de massas têm sido utilizadas para identificação e quantificação de distintas classes lipídicas presentes no leite humano.

show abstract

Changes in fatty acid composition of human milk over lactation stages and relationship with dietary intake in Chinese women

Cited by 73 publications

References 42 publications

Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI

Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI

Human milk fatty acid profile across lactational stages after term and preterm delivery: A pooled data analysis

Analytical Methods Used for the Determination of Lipids in Human Milk: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About