Changes in Eye Temperature and Stress Assessment in Horses During Show Jumping Competitions

Valera, M.; Bartolomé, Ester; Sánchez, M. J.; Molina, A.; Cook, Nigel J.; Schaefer, A. L.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2012.03.005

Cited by 117 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thus, during an acute stress response, ET tends to increase, possibly as a result of increased dilation of the ocular blood vessels and increased visual attention/orientation (Yarnell et al, 2013). Valera et al (2012) also found that ET has good potential as a means of detecting stress in horses during competitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Previous studies highlighted either HR (Von Borell et al, 2007;Bitschnau et al, 2010) or eye temperature (Hall et al, 2011;McGreevy et al, 2012;Valera et al, 2012) as good indicators of stress in horses. Specifically, IRT has been used to assess acute stress in the elk during velvet antler removal (Cook et al, 2006) and in calves during disbudding (Stewart et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This maximum ET was used for the analyses. Images were collected during the first day of the competition (Valera et al, 2012), and a total of three different collection periods per animal were recorded. The left eye of all the horses was scanned from a 90°angle and at a distance of 1 m. Several images were taken per animal and collection period.…”

Section: Physiological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using eye temperature and heart rate for stress assessment in young horses competing in jumping competitions and its possible influence on sport performance

Bartolomé

Sánchez

Molina

et al. 2013

Animal

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The aims of this study were, first, to evaluate eye temperature (ET) with infrared thermography and heart rate (HR) to measure stress in horses during show jumping competitions and their relationship with competition results, and second, to evaluate the influence of different extrinsic and intrinsic factors of the horse on the stress measurements analysed. One hundred and seventy-three Spanish Sport Horses were analysed for ET and HR, and these measurements were taken 3 h before the competition, just after and 3 h after it. Two interval measurements were also assessed for each parameter. Positive significant correlations were found between ET and HR, measured before (r = 0.23), just after competition (r = 0.28) and for the later interval (r = 0.26), whereas negative correlations with competition results were found only for ET when measured just after competing (r =− 0.25). Two intrinsic factors (genetic line and age) and no extrinsic factors showed significant differences for ET, whereas one intrinsic factor (age) and two extrinsic factors (journey duration and number of training hours) showed significant differences for HR. The marginal means showed significantly higher ET values for the Anglo-Arab genetic line and for 5-year-old animals. HR values were significantly higher for 4-year-old animals, for horses which had travelled 4 to 6 h and for horses that had 3 to 6 h of daily training. This study suggests that, although ET and HR seemed to share a similar physiological basis, the factors that most influenced each parameter were different. Finally, ET seems to be a suitable tool for assessing stress during show jumping competitions in horses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using eye temperature and heart rate for stress assessment in young horses competing in jumping competitions and its possible influence on sport performance

Bartolomé

Sánchez

Molina

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…Superficial temperature was measured using infrared thermography (IRT), a remote and non-invasive technique that detects changes in peripheral blood flow. This technique has been recently used to explore physiological correlates of stress and emotions in animals [36,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] with only one study on dogs [56],whereas heart rate and heart rate variability are regarded as suitable tools to investigate the role of ANS in the modulation of affect and emotion [17,20,35,55,57,58].…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

How good is this food? A study on dogs' emotional responses to a potentially pleasant event using infrared thermography

Travain

Colombo

Grandi

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Understanding how animals express positive emotions is becoming an interesting and promising area of research in the study of animal emotions and affective experiences.In the present study, we used infrared thermography in combination with behavioral measures, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), to investigate dogs' emotional responses to a potentially pleasant event: receiving palatable food from the owner. 2. Tail wagging could be a useful indicator of positive emotional state.3. Eye temperature can assess the arousal dimension of dogs' emotions in a positive situation.

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“…Valera et al (2012) provide images showing the location and value of the maximum temperature recorded, and concurrent atmospheric temperature and relative humidity data. The lachrymal caruncle, the region associated with maximum temperature, has also been associated with responses to pain and stress (Valera et al, 2012). This is likely the optimum location for monitoring affective state in the horse, though validation is required.…”

Section: A Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving protocols for research in equitation science

Pierard

Hall

Borstel

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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Within the emerging discipline of Equitation Science the application of consistent methodology, including robust objective measures, is required for sound scientific evaluation. This report aims to provide an evaluation of current methodology and to propose some initial guidelines for future research. The value of research, especially that involving small sample sizes, can be enhanced by the application of consistent methodology and reporting enabling results to be compared across studies. This paper includes guidelines for experimental design in studies involving the ridden horse. Equine ethograms currently used are reviewed and factors to be considered in the development of a riddenhorse ethogram are evaluated. An assessment of methods used to collect behavioral and physiological data is included and the use of equipment for measurements (e.g., rein-tension and pressure-sensing instruments) is discussed. Equitation science is a new discipline, subject to evolving viewpoints on research foci and design. Technological advances may improve the accuracy and detail of measurements, but must be used within appropriate and valid experimental designs.

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Changes in Eye Temperature and Stress Assessment in Horses During Show Jumping Competitions

Cited by 117 publications

References 11 publications

Using eye temperature and heart rate for stress assessment in young horses competing in jumping competitions and its possible influence on sport performance

Using eye temperature and heart rate for stress assessment in young horses competing in jumping competitions and its possible influence on sport performance

How good is this food? A study on dogs' emotional responses to a potentially pleasant event using infrared thermography

Evolving protocols for research in equitation science

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