Changes in enzymatic activity during early ­development of bay scallops Argopecten irradians and sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus

De Novo Assembly and Characterization of Two Transcriptomes Reveal Multiple Light-Mediated Functions in the Scallop Eye (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)

“…These results point to a dual light detection function of the scallop eye: vision and entrainment of the circadian clock. Previous work in two gastropods species ( Bulla gouldiana [42], Aplysia californica [51]) identified a circadian pacemaker within the eye. In B. gouldiana , the pacemaker is a small group of neurons that form a cone-shaped structure at the back of the eye and are physically and functionally separate from the photoreceptor cells of the retina [47], [52].…”

“…We sequenced the adult eye transcriptome of two scallop species, the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians , and the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus , to fill these gaps in knowledge. Both species are economically important to North American fisheries [33], [34] and as a result, have served as laboratory models for physiological [35]–[38] and developmental [39]–[42] studies. Our study had three goals: 1) to develop a more comprehensive understanding of gene membership of the two phototransduction pathways; 2) to determine if the scallop eye performs any other non-visual, light-mediated functions; and 3) to test the claim that molluscan genomes contain “unique” genes [43]–[45], not homologous to other metazoan taxa, by comparing our data to the newly available oyster ( Crassostrea gigas , [45]), the limpet gastropod ( Lottia gigantea , http://http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Lotgi1/Lotgi1.download.html), fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ), and house mouse ( Mus musculus ) genomes.…”

Comparison of microalgal biomasses as functional food ingredients: Focus on the composition of cell wall related polysaccharides

“…Afterwards, SPS were enzymatically removed using either endo-β-1,3-glucanase or a combination of αamylase and amyloglucosidase, depending on the type of SPS [37,40]. For removal of (floridean) starch or glycogen, the defatted pellet was resuspended in sodium acetate buffer (140 mM, pH 4.5) and heated for 10 min at 100 °C to gelatinize the (floridean) starch.…”

Biodegradation of polyethylene in digestive gland homogenates of marine invertebrates

“…Polysaccharides are natural polymers and are the main components of algae that are utilized as food by herbivorous marine invertebrates. Accordingly, polysaccharide degrading enzymes such as alginate lyase, mannanase, cellulose and laminarinase, have been found in the digestive tract of some mollusks ( Milke, Bricelj & Ross, 2012 ; Lyu et al, 2016 ). Enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism have been identified within the lysosomal enzymes of the sea scallop Chlamys farrery ( Lyu et al, 2016 ).…”