Changes in Energy Metabolism after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Tachikawa, Ryo; Ikeda, Kaori; Minami, Takuma; Matsumoto, Takeshi; Hamada, Shin; Murase, Kimihiko; Tanizawa, Kiminobu; Inouchi, Morito; Oga, Toru; Akamizu, Takashi; Mishima, Michiaki; Chin, Kazuo

doi:10.1164/rccm.201511-2314oc

Cited by 91 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, the one study included in the energy intake category also contained data on physical activity [47]. One of the studies in the indirect calorimetry category also contained data on energy intake, hormones and physical activity [48]. Two studies in the physical activity category also contained data on energy intake [38, 49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, four studies have investigated the effects of CPAP on energy intake or food preference either as primary [47] or secondary outcomes [38, 48, 49] (table 1). A large group of participants with AHI ≥10 events·h −1 (n=230) were randomised to sham or active CPAP as part of the Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES) [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that study, after 6 months of treatment the control group had a reduced score on the emotional eating component of the Dutch eating behaviour questionnaire, indicating that these participants reduced their emotional approach to eating [38]. Finally, dietary habits were assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire at baseline and after 3 months of treatment [48]. No changes in energy intake were observed for the entire group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several within-patient studies have investigated the effects of CPAP on leptin levels by comparing baseline to post-treatment values, with 12 reporting significant reductions in leptin after treatment [7, 9, 10, 32, 33, 50–56] and six reporting no change [17, 18, 48, 57–59]. In most cases, leptin was sampled in the morning after an overnight fast [7, 9, 10, 17, 18, 32, 33, 48, 50–52, 55–59], and in one case, which did report post-treatment reductions, it was sampled throughout the night [53]. The duration of treatment from baseline to follow-up ranged from 1 day to 6 months, and does not seem to contribute to disparate findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study with the 1-month follow-up, despite significantly reduced levels at the end-point, ghrelin levels were not changed at a proximal follow-up after 3–4 days of treatment [18]. One study observed no change in ghrelin after treatment of 1 day or 3 months [48]. Each of the aforementioned studies sampled ghrelin levels in the morning in fasted conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on energy balance regulation: a systematic review

Shechter

2016

Eur Respir J

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Obesity is both a cause and a possible consequence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), as OSA seems to affect parameters involved in energy balance regulation, including food intake, hormonal regulation of hunger/satiety, energy metabolism and physical activity. It is known that weight loss improves OSA, yet it remains unclear why continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) often results in weight gain. The goal of this systematic review is to explore if and how CPAP affects the behaviour and/or metabolism involved in regulating energy balance. CPAP appears to correct for a hormonal profile characterised by abnormally high leptin and ghrelin levels in OSA, by reducing the circulating levels of each. This is expected to reduce excess food intake. However, reliable measures of food intake are lacking, and not yet sufficient to make conclusions. Although studies are limited and inconsistent, CPAP may alter energy metabolism, with reports of reductions in resting metabolic rate or sleeping metabolic rate. CPAP appears to not have an appreciable effect on altering physical activity levels. More work is needed to characterise how CPAP affects energy balance regulation. It is clear that promoting CPAP in conjunction with other weight loss approaches should be used to encourage optimal outcomes in OSA patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on energy balance regulation: a systematic review

Shechter

2016

Eur Respir J

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International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Chang

Goldberg

Alt

et al. 2023

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background: Evaluation and interpretation of the literature on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) allows for consolidation and determination of the key factors important for clinical management of the adult OSA patient. Toward this goal, an international collaborative of multidisciplinary experts in sleep apnea evaluation and treatment have produced the International Consensus statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (ICS:OSA). Methods: Using previously defined methodology, focal topics in OSA were assigned as literature review (LR), evidence-based review (EBR), or evidencebased review with recommendations (EBR-R) formats. Each topic incorporated the available and relevant evidence which was summarized and graded on study quality. Each topic and section underwent iterative review and the ICS:OSA was created and reviewed by all authors for consensus. Results: The ICS:OSA addresses OSA syndrome definitions, pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors for disease, screening methods, diagnostic testing types, multiple treatment modalities, and effects of OSA treatment on multiple OSA-associated comorbidities. Specific focus on outcomes with positive airway pressure (PAP) and surgical treatments were evaluated. Conclusion:This review of the literature consolidates the available knowledge and identifies the limitations of the current evidence on OSA. This effort aims to create a resource for OSA evidence-based practice and identify future research needs. Knowledge gaps and research opportunities include improving the metrics of OSA disease, determining the optimal OSA screening paradigms, developing strategies for PAP adherence and longitudinal care, enhancing selection of PAP alternatives and surgery, understanding health risk outcomes, and translating evidence into individualized approaches to therapy.

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Effects of monthly feedback of VFA measured by dual BIA method in Japanese patients with obesity: a randomized controlled study

Moriyasu

Hosoda

Tanaka‐Mizuno

et al. 2017

Obesity Science & Practice

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SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the effects of monthly feedback of changes in visceral fat area (VFA) as measured by dual bioelectrical impedance analysis method and the importance of VFA in individuals with obesity.MethodsThirty‐eight Japanese patients with obesity underwent VFA measurements. The feedback group was given feedback on VFA measurements each month for 4 months. The control group underwent VFA measurements at the beginning and end of the study but was not informed of the results. All the study participants completed eating behaviour and weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaires.ResultsMean age was 53.9 (14.3) years; mean body mass index was 30.6 (4.3) kg m−2. At the 4‐month follow‐up, there was no significant difference in VFA reduction between the control and feedback groups (−4.4% vs. −3.0%; 95% CI, −3.8 to 5.5). In post‐hoc analysis using the overall group irrespective of allocation, changes of eating style were significantly associated with a reduction in VFA at 4 months (p = 0.034).ConclusionsMonthly feedback on changes in VFA does not reduce VFA. More frequent feedback may be required. In post‐hoc analysis, changes of eating style were associated with a reduction in VFA.

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Changes in Energy Metabolism after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Cited by 91 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on energy balance regulation: a systematic review

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on energy balance regulation: a systematic review

International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Effects of monthly feedback of VFA measured by dual BIA method in Japanese patients with obesity: a randomized controlled study

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