Changes in enamel surface roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel after vital bleaching

Hosoya, Noriyasu; Honda, Kosuke; Iino, Fumiaki; Arai, Takashi

doi:10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00109-x

Cited by 84 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…15 In previous studies (Table 1), most in vitro studies using high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution have been reported to produce morphological alteration of the enamel surface, 15,21,[30][31][32]34,38 modifications to enamel crystal distribution, 41 increased porosities of the superficial enamel structure 34 and higher adhesion of S mutans to the enamel surface. 18 Furthermore, surface chemical analysis has reported both modification in the calcium/phosphate ratio 42 and calcium loss, 37 thus supporting the hypothesis that bleaching agents are chemically active components able to induce important structural alterations of human enamel. The surface alteration of enamel was indirectly confirmed by studies reporting reduced enamel physical properties, among which microhardness was thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The major differences between these studies are the type of study setup (in vitro vs in vivo), sample size, type of tissue (human or bovine enamel), preparation of the tissue (polished or sound enamel), type of analysis carried out (mechanical test or morphological analysis), bleaching agent used (hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide), bleaching agent concentration and formulation (gel or solution), length of bleaching agent exposure and other evaluation criteria. Also, methods of analysis are different among the studies, with protocols based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, [20][21]27,[30][31]34,36,38 microhardness tests, 9,11,14,36,38,40 profilometric techniques, 4,15,18,34,36,[38][39] plasma-atomic emission spectrometric analysis associated with chromatography, 37 infrared absorption spectroscopy correlated with x-ray analysis, 41 atomic force microscopy 10,28 and nanoindentation techniques. 5 Conversely, only a few studies have attempted to assess whitening effects in vivo, 22,26,29 usually based on the analysis of an enamel replica using SEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Two In-office Whitening Agents on the Enamel Surface In Vivo: A Morphological and Non-contact Profilometric Study

Cadenaro¹,

Breschi²,

Nucci³

et al. 2008

Operative Dentistry

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This study evaluated the morphological effects produced in vivo by two in-office bleaching agents on enamel surface roughness using a noncontact profilometric analysis of epoxy replicas. The null hypothesis tested was that there would be no difference in the micromorphology of the enamel surface during or after bleaching with two different bleaching agents. Eighteen subjects were selected and randomly assigned to two treatment groups (n=9). The tooth whitening materials tested were 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Opalescence Xtra Boost) and 35% car- Clinical RelevanceThis in vivo study supports the hypothesis that the use of in-office bleaching agents is a safe and reliable procedure, inducing no structural damage to the enamel surface, even after prolonged and repeated applications. The bleaching agents were applied in accordance with manufacturer protocols. The treatments were repeated four times at one-week intervals. High precision impressions of the upper right incisor were taken at baseline as the control (CTRL) and after each bleaching treatment (T 0 : first application, T 1 : second application at one week, T 2 : third application at two weeks and T 3 : fourth application at three weeks). Epoxy resin replicas were poured from impressions, and the surface roughness was analyzed by means of a non-contact profilometer (Talysurf CLI 1000). Epoxy replicas were then observed using SEM. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and differences were determined with a t-test. No significant differences in surface roughness were found on enamel replicas using either 38% hydrogen peroxide or 35% carbamide peroxide in vivo. This in vivo study supports the null hypothesis that two in-office bleaching agents, with either a high concentration of hydrogen or carbamide peroxide, do not alter enamel surface roughness, even after multiple applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Two In-office Whitening Agents on the Enamel Surface In Vivo: A Morphological and Non-contact Profilometric Study

Cadenaro¹,

Breschi²,

Nucci³

et al. 2008

Operative Dentistry

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“…Also characteristic of these changes are decreases in calcium and phosphate matrices 9,16 . These changes are detrimental to dental health because along with this process, there is an increased susceptibility to caries formation due to the ease of plaque adherence on the previously demineralized structure 10,17 . Fluoride has proven to be effective in promoting remineralization and inhibiting enamel demineralization 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability

Rauen¹,

Filho²,

Bittencourt³

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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Aim: To evaluate the effect of different in-office bleaching agents on the permeability, roughness and surface microhardness of human enamel. Methods: For evaluation of roughness and microhardness, 40 hemi-faces of 20 premolars were subjected to initial roughness (Ra parameter) and microhardness (VHN) measurements. Thirty-two premolar's crowns were used for permeability test. Then, all specimens were randomly divided into four groups: C -without bleaching (control), HP35 -bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), HPF38 -38% HP+fluoride, HPC35 -35% HP+calcium. Final roughness (FR) and microhardness (FM) measurements were evaluated. For permeability, the 32 crowns were immersed in 1% sodium hypochlorite (20 min) and silver nitrate solutions (2 h) and subjected to developing solution under fluorescent light (16 h). Three sections from the crowns were analyzed in light microscope (100x) to evaluate the scores of permeability: Score 0 -no tracer agent penetration; Score 1 -less than half the thickness of enamel penetration; Score 2 -tracer agent reaching half the enamel thickness; Score 3 -entire enamel depth penetration, without reaching dentin and Score 4 -tracer agent reaching dentin. For roughness and microhardness evaluation were used one-way ANOVA and Dunnet post-test for independent samples, and t test for paired samples. For permeability, the data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests. Results: A significantly higher permeability and surface roughness were observed in groups HP35, HPF38 and HPC35 compared to the C group, as well as decreased microhardness (p<0.05). Conclusions: All bleaching agents increased permeability and surface roughness, and decreased microhardness of human enamel; thus, the addition of fluoride or calcium was not beneficial.

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“…Some studies have shown an increase in BA with an increase in SR. 16,18,19,27 Some other studies have shown no relationship between SR and BA. 17,18,41 Rosentritt et al 41 showed no correlation between SR and BA, reporting an SR value of <0.08 μ in all the samples. The acceptable threshold of SR is believed to be 0.2 μ and if restorative materials have SR higher than the threshold, there will be an increased risk of plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and dental caries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Some other studies have shown an increase in BA to bleached enamel. 17,19,42 Mor et al 4 showed that S. mutans exhibited a stronger adhesion to bleached composite resin surfaces, reporting that bleaching results in some microsurface characteristics on hard surfaces in the oral cavity, paving the way for adhesion of S. mutans. Sucrose was used in that study, which has an important role in the adhesion of S. mutans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 15% Carbamide Peroxide on the Surface Roughness and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Microhybrid Composite Resin and Giomer

Rikhtegaran¹,

Rahbar²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2017

World Journal of Dentistry

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Introduction: Adhesion of bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) , to the surface of tooth restorations is a factor in the etiology of secondary caries. Given the ever-increasing popularity of bleaching procedures, the aim of the present study was to evaluate adhesion of S. mutans and surface roughness (SR) of microhybrid composite resin and giomer subsequent to the application of 15% carbamide peroxide.

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Changes in enamel surface roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel after vital bleaching

Cited by 84 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Two In-office Whitening Agents on the Enamel Surface In Vivo: A Morphological and Non-contact Profilometric Study

Effect of Two In-office Whitening Agents on the Enamel Surface In Vivo: A Morphological and Non-contact Profilometric Study

Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability

Effect of 15% Carbamide Peroxide on the Surface Roughness and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Microhybrid Composite Resin and Giomer

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