Changes in elm (Ulmus) populations of mid-western Poland during the past 35 years

Napierała-Filipiak, Anna; Filipiak, M.; Łakomy, Piotr; Kuźmiński, Robert; Gubański, Janusz

doi:10.12657/denbio.076.014

Cited by 11 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our observations confirm the previous data from Poland (Mańka et al, 1978) that U. minor is the most sever damaged by DED and the less U. laevis. Although in our study the number of isolates received from U. leavis was the highest, however, field studies suggest that this species prevails in the elm resources in Poland (Danielewicz, 2008;Filipiak & Napierała-Filipiak, 2015;Napierała-Filipiak et al, 2016). Data provided by Peterken & Mountford (1998) or Oheimb & Brunet (2007) showed that DED was able to decrease the elm population but very rarely cause the total elimination of this tree species.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

Łakomy¹,

Kwaśna²,

Kuźmiński³

et al. 2016

Dendrobiology

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Dutch elm disease (DED) still occurs in Poland. Previous studies confirmed occurring O. ulmi and two subspecies of O. novo-ulmi: subsp. novo-ulmi and subsp. amerciana. In this study the population of Ophiostoma occurred in Poland was investigated. The disease incidence was investigated on elms growing in 39 locations. The pathogen's mycelium was isolated from elm branches and twigs collected from 22 plots. The disease symptoms were noted in 5% to 35% trees. Fungi were identified based on the PCR amplification of the ITS 1/2 rDNA together with phylogenetic analysis of this region. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was the only agent caused DED on Ulmus glabra, U. minor and U. laevis. There were no genetic diversity of O. novo-ulmi Polish population in analyzed ITS region. All kind of specific symptoms and disease intensity occurred independently on elm species and host age. Ulmus minor was infested most sever among the three elms species.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

Łakomy¹,

Kwaśna²,

Kuźmiński³

et al. 2016

Dendrobiology

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“…Published data indicated that in comparison with the 1970s, the number of forest stands dominated by elms has increased [25,30]. The percentage of localities with DED symptoms in individual forest regions is very similar (Figure 3, Table 3d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Changes in the Species Composition of Elms (Ulmus spp.) in Poland

Napierała-Filipiak

Filipiak

Łakomy

2019

Forests

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In nearly 600 randomly selected forest stands including elms (Ulmus spp.), we conducted field research to identify them to species level and to find trees showing symptoms of Dutch elm disease (DED). The presented data show that all the 3 native elms (U. glabra, U. laevis, and U. minor) still exist in the whole ranges of their distribution in Poland reported earlier, but their role as forest-forming species has changed. In comparison to published data, the contribution of U. minor has markedly decreased, while an increased contribution was observed in the case of U. laevis, a species which in the past was predominantly located out of woodland and was rarely cultivated. In mountains, where the most frequent is U. glabra, the contribution of elms to forest stands is currently clearly lower than in the lowlands and uplands of Poland. The observed changes most probably result from Dutch elm disease. It cannot be excluded that the changes are at least partly linked with natural correction of forest stand composition modified earlier by human activity (silviculture). In all parts of Poland, trees with symptoms of Dutch elm disease are found, but large-scale decline (of a majority of elm trees) is observed only in about 1.5% of the directly investigated localities.

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“…C. Moreau), entered Britain on imported logs and killed c . 30% of elms between 1920 and 1940 (Napierała‐Filipiak et al., ). Similar losses were reported across Europe with even heavier losses in North America.…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ulmus glabra has been less affected than suckering elms (Cogolludo‐Agustín, Agúndez, & Gil, ) and is now the most numerous elm in central and eastern Europe. But U. glabra is by no means immune and indeed is more susceptible to the DED fungus than U. minor or U. laevis (Napierała‐Filipiak et al., ; Pinon et al., ). In 4‐year‐old (3–4 m high) U. glabra in the Czech Republic inoculated with O. novo‐ulmi , sap flow was reduced 10 days after inoculation and total occlusion of xylem stopped sap flow after 11–16 days (Urban & Dvořák, , ).…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

2018

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This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ulmus glabraHudson (wych elm) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.2. Ulmus glabra is a large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi-natural woodlands. It is primarily native to the north and west of Britain and much of mainland Europe. It is the only elm native to Ireland. It is the most distinct of the British elms in that it rarely suckers and sets abundant viable seed.Although found on limestone screes and cliffs, and hedgerows, it is primarily a woodland tree, especially on moist, basic soils. In many secondary woodlands, it often co-occurs with Acer pseudoplatanus and has ecological needs that are similar to Fraxinus excelsior. 3.Ulmus glabra has clusters of c. 25 hermaphrodite flowers appearing before the leaves on previous year's growth. Seeds are wind-dispersed, falling in April to July, but remain viable for only a few days. Nevertheless, seedling establishment can be abundant. Hybridisation with other northern European elms is common but hybrids are notoriously difficult to identify and therefore probably under-recorded.4. The health and survival of wych elm in Europe has been seriously compromised since the 1970s due to Dutch elm disease caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novoulmi, transmitted by elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.). To the south of its Scottish stronghold, many elms are reduced to small trees regrowing from basal sprouts or seeds. These trees tend to be reinfected once trunk diameter exceeds 10 cm.Fortunately for its long-term survival, seed production usually begins a number of years before they are reinfected.

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Changes in elm (Ulmus) populations of mid-western Poland during the past 35 years

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

Changes in the Species Composition of Elms (Ulmus spp.) in Poland

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

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