Changes in crevicular cytokines after application of melatonin in patients with periodontal disease

Abstract

BackgroundA clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of topical application of melatonin on the crevicular fluid levels of interleukins and prostaglandins and to evaluate changes in clinical parameters.Material and MethodsA consecutive sample of 90 patients were recruited from the Health Centre of Pinos Puente in Granada, Spain and divided into 3 groups: 30 patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, who were given melatonin; 30 patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, who were given a placebo, and 30 healthy individuals with no history of systemic disease or clinical signs of periodontal disease, who were also given a placebo. The 30 patients with diabetes and periodontitis were treated with topical application of melatonin (1% orabase cream formula) for 20 days by. The rest of the patients with diabetes and periodontitis and healthy subjects were treated with a placebo of orabase cream. We measured the gingival index by exploring the percentage of standing teeth bleeding on probing. The periodontogram was performed with a Florida Probe.ResultsIn the diabetic patients who were given topical melatonin, there was a statistically significant decrease in the two clinical parameters. By contrast, in diabetic patients who were given the topical placebo, there was no statistically significant variation.ConclusionsIn patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, treatment with topical melatonin was associated with a significant improvement in the gingival index and in pocket depth, and a statistically significant reduction in concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid. Key words:Melatonin, periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2.

Melatonin as host modulating agent supporting nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis: A preliminary randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study

“…Improvement of healing process was probably linked to pleiotropism of melatonin, in particular antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, as evidenced by clinical trials . Salivary levels of melatonin are reduced in patients affected by periodontitis and probably oral supplementation restores its physiological levels; in this way the physiological anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms are re‐established.…”

“…Systemic administration of melatonin for the treatment of periodontal disease has been tested mainly on rats by intraperitoneal infusion: 10 mg/kg per day for 15 days . Studies on human involved topical administration of melatonin 1% (orabase cream formula) for 20 days . One clinical trial involved the oral administration of melatonin 2 mg 1 per day for 30 days, in combination with NSPT .…”

“…Human trials too showed promising results, with an improvement of periodontal tissue health . Topical application of melatonin 1%, once daily for 20 days, to patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, was associated with: an improvement in the gingival index and pocket depth, a reduction in salivary concentrations of RANKL and increase in salivary concentrations of osteoprotegerin, a significant reduction of alkaline phosphatase, reduction in IL6 and C‐reactive protein serum levels …”

“…In dentistry, researchers tried to take advantage of melatonin's effect to improve oral cavity health . The use of melatonin in treating periodontal disease is hopeful . It is physiologically present in saliva and in crevicular fluid; patients affected by periodontitis show a statistically significant reduction in salivary melatonin levels .…”

“…[25][26][27] The use of melatonin in treating periodontal disease is hopeful. [28][29][30][31][32] It is physiologically present in saliva and in crevicular fluid; 33,34 patients affected by periodontitis show a statistically significant reduction in salivary melatonin levels. 35 In this regard melatonin, serving as a potent antioxidant and radical scavenger, could be depleted in diseased periodontal tissues if compared to healthy ones.…”