Changes in contrast sensitivity after surgery for intermittent exotropia

Bae, Young Hwan; Choi, Dong Gyu

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10399-2

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…In the previous studies, the BSR was usually adopted as the evaluation parameter for the BiS phenomenon of CS, but the calculation methods were different such as BSR = BCV/MCV [ 8 , 10 , 20 ], or BSR = BCV 2 /(RCV 2 + LCV 2 ) [ 12 ]. There also existed differences in evaluation methods such as sinusoidal grating [ 12 , 20 ], Mars contrast sensitivity test [ 8 , 10 ], etc. The animal experiments demonstrated that neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of strabismic amblyopia were only damaged at high spatial frequencies [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BiS can be influnced by multiple factors such as age, interocular difference of visual acuity, and eye position [ 4 – 8 ]. Successful strabismus surgery can improve BiS in strabismus patients [ 9 ], which might be related to eye position control and stereopsis [ 10 – 13 ]. BCS in strabismus patients was significantly lower than monocular contrast sensitivity, especially at 6 cpd spatial frequency, which was not correlated with the degree of strabismus, gender, age, refraction error, stereopsis, and duration of IXT [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binocular summation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with intermittent exotropia

2023

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Purpose To investigate the binocular summation (BiS) of visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) before and after surgery and to probe the relationship between the two BiS phenomena and corresponding influencing factors. Methods This prospective study included 21 IXT children (11 males and 10 females; aged 6–13 years) who underwent strabismus surgery in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to April 2022. The visual function was assessed preoperatively and 2.95 ± 0.14 months postoperatively, including monocular/ binocular visual acuity (MVA/BVA) at 100% contrast and 2.5% contrast as well as monocular/binocular contrast sensitivity (MCS/BCS), deviation, near and distant stereopsis, and fusion. Results All patients had postoperative deviation ranging from 0 to -4 PD. Either preoperative or postoperative BVA at 2.5% contrast was superior to the MVA. The postoperative BiS at 2.5% contrast was significantly superior to the preoperative BiS for 2.5% contrast and postoperative BiS for 100% contrast (P < 0.05). Except for 3 c/d, the MCS and BCS at 6 c/d, 12 c/d and 18 c/d spatial frequencies were all notably improved postoperatively. The postoperative binocular summation ratio of CS (BSR) was highest while interocular difference ratio of CS (IOR) was the lowest at 6 c/d among 4 spatial frequencies. The deviation, distant and near stereopsis, and fusion performance were all remarkably improved after surgery (p = 0.001; p = 0.041; p = 0.000), all of which were not related to BVA at 2.5% contrast, BiS, BSC and BSR. The BCS at middle and high frequencies (6 c/ds, 12 c/ds, and 18 c/ds) was significantly negatively correlated with the BVA at 2.5% contrast, and BSR was irrelevant to the corresponding IOR across different spatial frequencies. Conclusion BVA at low contrast and BCS examinations were not equivalent to stereopsis and fusion status, which contributed to the evaluation of binocular function in the real environment and in the different aspects. BVA in 2.5% contrast is related with BCS in moderate and high spacial frequencies (especially 18c/d) but BCS in 6c/d presents more binocular summation of contrast sensitivity. MCS, BCS and the BSR persist inhibition at 3c/d after surgery. The improvement of BCS is better than that of BSR to evaluate the binouclar function in IXT. Those two methods showed different sensitivities to impairment and rehabilitation of binocular summation and inhibition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular summation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with intermittent exotropia

2023

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“…In the previous studies, the BSR was usually adopted as the evaluation parameter for the BiS phenomenon of CS, but the calculation methods were different such as BSR = BCV/UCV [8,10,20] , or BSR = BCV² /(RCV² + LCV²) [12] . There also existed differences in evaluation methods such as sinusoidal grating [12,20] , Mars contrast sensitivity test [8,10] , etc. The animal experiments demonstrated that neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of strabismic amblyopia were only damaged at high spatial frequencies [21] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSF of amblyopia patients with fusion function was impaired at intermediate and high frequencies, presenting a higher proportion of BiS than strabismus patients without fusion function [8] . Young's study revealed that the BSR of IXT patients was temporarily decreased 1 month postoperatively, which may be due to postoperative foreign body sensation, lacrimation, and conjunctival edema, and then it returned to the preoperative level 3 months after surgery [10] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Successful strabismus surgery can improve BiS in strabismus patients [9] , which might be related to eye position control and stereopsis [10][11][12][13] . BCS in strabismus patients was signi cantly lower than monocular contrast sensitivity, especially at 6cpd spatial frequency, which was not correlated with the degree of strabismus, gender, age, refraction error, stereopsis, and duration of IXT [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binocular summation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with intermittent exotropia

liao¹,

Wei³

2022

Preprint

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Purpose To investigate the binocular summation (BiS) of visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) before and after surgery and to probe the relationship between the two BiS phenomena and corresponding influencing factors. Methods This prospective study included 21 IXT children (11 males and 10 females; aged 6–13 years) who underwent strabismus surgery in *** hospital from January to April 2022. The visual function was assessed preoperatively and 2–3 months postoperatively, including monocular/ binocular visual acuity (MVA/BVA) at 100% contrast and 2.5% contrast as well as monocular/binocular contrast sensitivity (MCS/BCS), deviation, near and distant stereopsis, and fusion. Results All patients had postoperative deviation ranging from 0 to -4 PD, and the mean follow-up time was (2.95 ± 0.14) months. Either preoperative or postoperative BVA at 2.5% contrast was superior to the MVA. The postoperative BiS at 2.5% contrast was significantly superior to the preoperative BiS for 2.5% contrast and postoperative BiS for 100% contrast (P < 0.05). Except for 3 c/d, the MCS and BCS at 6 c/d, 12 c/d and 18 c/d spatial frequencies were all notably improved postoperatively. The postoperative binocular summation ratio of CS (BSR) was highest while interocular difference ratio of CS (IOR) was the lowest at 6 c/d among 4 spatial frequencies. The deviation, distant and near stereopsis, and fusion performance were all remarkably improved after surgery (p = 0.001; p = 0.041; p = 0.000), all of which were not related to BVA at 2.5% contrast, BiS, BSC and BSR. The BCS at middle and high frequencies (6 c/ds, 12 c/ds, and 18 c/ds) was significantly negatively correlated with the BVA at 2.5% contrast, and BSR was irrelevant to the corresponding IOR across different spatial frequencies. Conclusion BVA at low contrast and BCS examinations were not equivalent to stereopsis and fusion status, which contributed to the evaluation of binocular function in the real environment and in the different aspects. BVA in 2.5% contrast is related with BCS in moderate and high spacial frequencies (especially 18c/d) but BCS in 6c/d presents more binocular summation of contrast sensitivity. MCS, BCS and the BSR persist inhibition at 3c/d after surgery. The improvement of BCS is better than that of BSR to evaluate the binouclar function in IXT. Those two methods showed different sensitivities to impairment and rehabilitation of binocular summation and inhibition.

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Analytical Analysis of Steady Magneto Casson Nanofluid Squeezing Flow Using Homotopy Analysis Method with Heat and Mass Transfer

Rehman,

Khan,

Yousif

et al. 2024

BioNanoSci.

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Changes in contrast sensitivity after surgery for intermittent exotropia

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Binocular summation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with intermittent exotropia

Binocular summation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with intermittent exotropia

Binocular summation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with intermittent exotropia

Analytical Analysis of Steady Magneto Casson Nanofluid Squeezing Flow Using Homotopy Analysis Method with Heat and Mass Transfer

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