Changes in conjugated linolenic acid composition within samples obtained from a single source

Adlof, R. O.; Copes, L. C.; Walter, Erin L.

doi:10.1007/s11745-001-0723-7

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The profiles of CLA isomers in oils produced during hydrogenation differed greatly with differing hydrogenation times (Table 1). The identity of the biologically active CLA isomers is not clearly known, although it is generally assumed to be the cis-9,trans-11 isomer (peak 1) for anticarcinogenic properties and the trans-10,cis-12 isomer (peak 4) for fat partitioning activity (6,24,25). Recently, however, it has been reported that other types of CLA isomers also have a biological activity (26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Soybean Oil during Hydrogenation with a Nickel Catalyst As Affected by Sulfur Addition

Jung

2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The effects of sulfur addition on the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers were studied during the hydrogenation of soybean oil with a nonselective type nickel catalyst. Sulfur addition greatly promoted CLA formation in soybean oil during hydrogenation. As the amount of sulfur increased to a certain level, the maximal quantity of CLA in soybean oil during hydrogenation increased greatly. However, further increase in sulfur addition above the certain level decreased CLA formation. The optimal sulfur level for the promotion of CLA formation differed greatly with the amount of nickel used. It was of great interest to find that the optimal ratio of sulfur to nickel for the promotion of CLA formation was always 0.06:1, regardless of the nickel amount used. At the same ratio of sulfur to nickel, higher nickel content induced significantly higher production of CLA (p < 0.05). At the optimal sulfur to nickel ratio, an increase in the nickel amount from 0.05 to 0.15% produced approximately 1.5 times higher levels of CLA during hydrogenation under the tested conditions. The CLA isomer compositions were greatly affected by both sulfur addition and amounts of nickel used for treatment. This is the first report of the possibility that the total quantity of CLA and their isomer composition could be manipulated during hydrogenation by controlling the amounts of sulfur and nickel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Soybean Oil during Hydrogenation with a Nickel Catalyst As Affected by Sulfur Addition

Jung

2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…cis -9, trans -11-CLA ( c 9, t 11-CLA) is the primary isomer naturally present in dairy and ruminant meat products that contributes to about 80% of the total dietary CLA intake in the human diet ( , ). In contrast, synthetic CLA preparations generally consist of two major CLA isomers, trans -10, cis -12-CLA ( t 10, c 12-CLA) and c 9, t 11-CLA, and they are the major CLA isomers in supplemental products ( − ). CLAs have been reported to exhibit a wide range of promising beneficial effects in both in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Oxygen Diffusion−Concentration Products in Liposomes and Phospholipid Solutions

Yin

Kramer

Yurawecz

et al. 2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are a group of octadecadienoic acids (18:2) that are naturally present in food products and may have beneficial health effects. Liposomes and ethanol solutions were prepared by mixing synthetic phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with c9,t11-CLA, t10,c12-CLA, and linoleic acid (LA) in the sn-2 position into natural PCs from soybean, egg yolk, rat brain, and rat heart at 5 mol %. The oxygen diffusion-concentration products were measured using electron spin resonance spin-label oximetry methods. Individual synthetic PCs, the phospholipid matrix, and the tested lipid systems all exhibited influence on oxygen diffusion-concentration products during lipid peroxidation. Incorporating 5 mol % PC(c9,t11-CLA) into soy and egg yolk PC increased oxygen consumption in liposome suspensions while it was decreased in rat heart and brain PCs. On the other hand, PC(t10,c12-CLA) increased oxygen consumption in mixtures with egg yolk and rat heart PC but decreased it in soybean and rat brain PC. By comparison, PC(LA) decreased oxygen consumption in every case. In ethanol solutions, all of the synthetic PCs suppressed the capacity to generate peroxide radicals in the order of LA > c9,t11-CLA > t10,c12-CLA. In addition, PCs containing individual CLA isomers and LA differed in their capacities to react with and quench DPPH radicals in both ethanol solution and liposome, suggesting differences between CLA isomers and LA in DPPH radical-fatty acid interactions. Incorporation of CLA isomers and LA into dimyristyl-PC reduced the phase transition temperature from 23.6 to 23.1 and 23.3 degrees C, respectively. The results of this study provide evidence that the behavior of CLA isomers differs in the microenvironment of membranes possibly due to structural differences that affect the permeability of membranes to oxygen and lipid peroxidation.

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“…Furthermore, it has recently been shown that the quality of the commercially available CLA products is highly variable, in that the actual content of the various CLA isomers in the tablets varies substantially among the different preparations studied (73,74). Finally, commercial CLA products (often CLA mixtures with high content of the c10,t12 isomer, together with other isomers) are usually considered dietary supplements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of dietary supplements containing CLA for the treatment of obesity

Larsen¹,

Toubro²,

Astrup³

2003

Journal of Lipid Research

178

107

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Dietary supplements containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are widely promoted as weight loss agents available over the counter and via the Internet. In this review, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of CLA supplementation based on peer-reviewed published results from randomized, placebo-controlled, human intervention trials lasting more than 4 weeks. We also review findings from experimental studies in animals and studies performed in vitro. CLA appears to produce loss of fat mass and increase of lean tissue mass in rodents, but the results from 13 randomized, controlled, short-term ( Ͻ 6 months) trials in humans find little evidence to support that CLA reduces body weight or promotes repartitioning of body fat and fat-free mass in man. However, there is increasing evidence from mice and human studies that the CLA isomer trans -10, cis -12 may produce liver hypertrophy and insulin resistance via a redistribution of fat deposition that resembles lipodystrophy. CLA also decreases the fat content of both human and bovine milk. In conclusion, although CLA appears to attenuate increases in body weight and body fat in several animal models, CLA isomers sold as dietary supplements are not effective as weight loss agents in humans and may actually have adverse effects on human health. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term used to describe the mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds (i.e., the two double bonds are separated by one single bond).

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Changes in conjugated linolenic acid composition within samples obtained from a single source

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Soybean Oil during Hydrogenation with a Nickel Catalyst As Affected by Sulfur Addition

Formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Soybean Oil during Hydrogenation with a Nickel Catalyst As Affected by Sulfur Addition

Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Oxygen Diffusion−Concentration Products in Liposomes and Phospholipid Solutions

Efficacy and safety of dietary supplements containing CLA for the treatment of obesity

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