Changes in Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones and of Ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Chicken Feces and Manure Stored in a Heap

Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of storing chicken manure on the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), and on the survival of CIP-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. At 24 d of age, half of 8900 chickens received ENR for 5 d. After the animals departed, their manure was stored in two heaps for 63 d. Enterobacteriaceae were cultured on media containing 0 to 32 mg L⁻¹ of CIP. A total of 320 isolates were fingerprinted using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to evaluate community structure. Initial concentrations of ENR and CIP in the heap were 22 and 1.8 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Seventy-three percent of the two fluoroquinolones were eliminated during storage. The administration of ENR led to a 5.1 log₋₁₀ decrease in Enterobacteriaceae concentrations and emergence of CIP-resistant bacteria, which became dominant in the feces. concentrations decreased 1.2 to 2.3 log₋₁₀ 2 d after the heaps were made and continued to decline during storage. No resistant were found by Day 63. The highest CIP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values observed among isolates of and of both and sp. were 128 and 4 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The dominant ERIC-PCR profiles changed over time. There was no relationship between genotype and resistance-isolated strains to CIP. Storing chicken manure in heaps appeared to be an effective way of limiting the entrance of CIP-resistant E. coli into the environment but did not prevent the dissemination of fluoroquinolones after land spreading.

Detection of Pathogens, Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes after Land Application of Poultry Litter

“…Recognizing the importance of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs in livestock fecal material and applied manures, Pruden et al (2013) recently outlined specific management options for reducing the release of antibiotics and ARGs to the environment. Cited studies have shown the benefits of composting, stockpiling, and manure digestion on reduction of ARB and ARGs in manures (Nicholson et al, 2005; Moraru et al, 2012; Pei et al, 2007; Pruden et al, 2013). However, limitations in resources (e.g., time, space, and money) often necessitate application of manures without prior treatment (Nicholson et al, 2005).…”

Excretion pattern of enrofloxacin after oral treatment of chicken broilers

“…() and Moraru et al . (). However, only the main metabolites EF and CF were analyzed in a limited time period, without continuous/daily analysis of the excreta.…”

“…In a study performed by Moraru et al . (), chickens were treated with EF 10% oral solution for 5 days (10 mg/kg bw).…”

“…In the study performed by Moraru et al . (), chickens were treated with EF 10% oral solution for 5 days (10 mg/kg bw) on the 24th day posthatching. Feces were collected at first day of application, on the last day of treatment and on the 3rd day after treatment termination.…”

Using robust Bayesian network to estimate the residuals of fluoroquinolone antibiotic in soil

“…1) and has a more complicated topology structure than EFX and NFX. In a previous study, Moraru et al (2012) reported that FQs pollutants in the research area derived entirely from inputs of chicken manure, which was therefore regarded as the sole input resource. Whenever a single type of manure is used in vegetable planting, FQs concentrations would certainly increase with the application of more manure.…”