Changes in colorectal cancer incidence in seven high-income countries: a population-based study

Araghi, Marzieh; Soerjomataram, Isabelle; Bardot, Aude; Ferlay, Jacques; Cabasag, Citadel J.; Morrison, David S.; De, Prithwish; Tervonen, Hanna; Walsh, Paul; Bucher, Oliver; Engholm, Gerda; Jackson, Christopher; McClure, Carol; Woods, Ryan; Saint-Jacques, Nathalie; Morgan, Eileen; Ransom, David; Thursfield, Vicky; Møller, Bjørn; Leonfellner, Suzanne; Guren, Marianne G.; Bray, Freddie; Arnold, Melina

doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30147-5

Cited by 295 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated mortality, accounting for the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fifth most common cause of death by cancer in China [1]. The overall decline or stabilization in the incidence of CRC was noted in several high-income countries [2]; however, the incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China still showed an increasing trend in the past decades, with approximately 376,300 new cases and 191,000 deaths per year [3]. Recently, many previous studies have verified that the human intestinal microbiota, including microbiome, mycobiome, and virome, was one of the important factors associated with CRC [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the Predominant Fecal Microbiota and Disruption of the Gut Mucosal Barrier in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Growing evidence indicated that the gut microbiota was the intrinsic and essential component of the cancer microenvironment, which played vital roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). In our present study, we investigated the alterations of fecal abundant microbiota with real-time quantitative PCR and the changes of indicators of gut mucosal barrier from 53 early-stage CRC patients and 45 matched healthy controls. We found that the traditional beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium decreased significantly and the carcinogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium nucleatum were significantly increased in CRC patients. We also found gut mucosal barrier dysfunction in CRC patients with increased levels of endotoxin (LPS), D-lactate, and diamine oxidase (DAO). With Pearson’s correlation analysis, D-lactate, LPS, and DAO were correlated negatively with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and positively with Enterobacteriaceae and F. nucleatum. Our present study found dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota and dysfunction of the gut mucosal barrier in patients with early-stage CRC, which implicated that fecal abundant bacteria and gut mucosal barrier indicators could be used as targets to monitor the development and progression of CRC in a noninvasive and dynamic manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the Predominant Fecal Microbiota and Disruption of the Gut Mucosal Barrier in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…The incidence of CRC is increasing among younger adults, with some experts suggesting that it could be due to higher prevalence of CRC risk factors (including obesity) in the younger populations [34,54]. Results of this study indicate a causal role of objectively measured PA in CRC risk independent of BMI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…CRC is a common cancer with significant morbidity and mortality [1] and with an increasingly incidence rate in younger ages [34]. Prospective cohort, case-control and crosssectional observational studies support an inverse association between PA and CRC risk [3,35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Physical activity reduces colorectal cancer risk independent of BMI—A two-sample Mendelian randomisation study

Zhang

Τheodoratou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Evidence from observational studies suggests a protective role for physical activity (PA) against colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, it has yet to be established a causal relationship. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to examine causality between physical activity and CRC risk. Methods:We used common genetic variants associated with self-reported and accelerometerbased physical activity as instrumental variables (IVs) in this MR study. The IVs were derived from the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) of physical activity, namely UK Biobank. We analysed the effect of the IVs for physical activity in a large CRC GWAS that included 31 197 cases and 61 770 controls. We applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analysis method.Results: Our results demonstrate a protective effect between accelerometer-based physical activity and CRC risk (the outlier-adjusted ORIVW was 0.92 per one standard deviation (SD) increase of accelerometer-base physical activity [95% CI: 0.87-0.98, P: 0.01]). The effect between self-reported physical activity and CRC risk was not statistically significant but was also supportive of an inverse association (the outlier-adjusted ORIVW was 0.61 per 1 SD increase of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [95%CI: 0.36-1.06, P: 0.08]). Conclusions:The findings of this large MR study show for the first time that objectively measured physical activity is causally implicated in reducing CRC risk. The limitations of the study are that it is based on only two genetic instruments and that it has limited power, despite the study size. Nonetheless, at a population level, these findings provide strong reinforcing evidence to support public health policy measures that encourage exercise, even in obese individuals.

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“…In 2015, there were 376,000 new cases and 191,000 deaths in China [430]. The overall incidence of CRC is decreasing in many high-income countries, although reported significant increase in Denmark, New Zealand, Australia, UK and Canada, mainly driven by increases in distal (left) tumors of the colon and predominant in [431][432][433][434][435][436][437][438]. Lifestyle determines around 50% to 60% incident of CRC irrespective of age [439][440][441][442].…”

Section: Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Treatments for Cancer Prevention and Cure [Part 1]

Mohiuddin¹

2019

APCT

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Many lay people along with some so called "key opinion leaders" have a common slogan "There's no answer for cancer". Again, mistake delays proper treatment and make situation worse, more often. Compliance is crucial to obtain optimal health outcomes, such as cure or improvement in QoL. Patients may delay treatment or fail to seek care because of high out-of-pocket expenditures. Despite phenomenal development, conventional therapy falls short in cancer management. There are two major hurdles in anticancer drug development: dose-limiting toxic side effects that reduce either drug effectiveness or the QoL of patients and complicated drug development processes that are costly and time consuming. Cancer patients are increasingly seeking out alternative medicine and might be reluctant to disclose its use to their oncology treatment physicians. But there is limited available information on patterns of utilization and efficacy of alternative medicine for patients with cancer. As adjuvant therapy, many traditional medicines shown efficacy against brain, head and neck, skin, breast, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder, prostate, colon and blood cancers. The literature reviews non-pharmacological interventions used against cancer, published trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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Changes in colorectal cancer incidence in seven high-income countries: a population-based study

Cited by 295 publications

References 44 publications

Alterations of the Predominant Fecal Microbiota and Disruption of the Gut Mucosal Barrier in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

Alterations of the Predominant Fecal Microbiota and Disruption of the Gut Mucosal Barrier in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

Physical activity reduces colorectal cancer risk independent of BMI—A two-sample Mendelian randomisation study

Alternative Treatments for Cancer Prevention and Cure [Part 1]

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