Changes in clay mineral content of tidal flat sediments resulting from dike construction along the Lower Saxony coast of the North Sea, Germany

Brockamp, Olaf; Zuther, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00637.x

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, upstream where the hydrodynamic conditions remain quiet during a long part of the year, sorting is more evident related to clays physical characteristics. In the particular case of smectite, its high contents upstream of the dam, hydrodynamically quieter, seem to confirm Brockamp and Zuther showing that agitated environment decrease levels of this mineral in the sediments [21]. Its deposit during this period could result from differential flocculation [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Clay Fraction Distribution in the Sediments of the Senegal River Estuary after the Diama (Senegal) Dam Construction

Ndiaye¹,

Diouf²,

Diara³

et al. 2016

JSOE

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Abstract:Clay fraction contents distribution in the Senegal River estuary after the building of the anti-salt Diama dam has shown that upstream sediments are very muddy. Clay fraction content is as high as 60 % of sediments in the middle of the channel with a pronounced downstream decreasing trend on the banks comparing to the contents in the middle of the channel. Towards the river mouth, the fine fraction tends to disappear leading to a shelly sand sediment type essentially. During low water period, clay fraction contents increase particularly at the vicinity of the dam reservoir. In the estuarine reach, downstream the dam, this increasing trend during the low water stage is particularly marked in the middle of the channel. The clay mineral assemblage shows that kaolinite and smectite are the main components, whereas interlayered illite-smectite and illite are minor constituents. The upstream-downstream profile shows a decrease in kaolinite content although it remains the dominant constituent. Floating clay minerals (smectite and illite-smectite) concentrate rather in the middle of the channel and on the right bank where the water depth is higher. According to seasonal variations, the distribution of these clay minerals often follows the concentration of the entire clay fraction; their contents increase during low water stage period. This hydrodynamics sorting of floating minerals, evident in the up-dam zone, tends to disappear in the eastern reach between Diama dam and the mouth. Clay minerals assemblage shows, through the time, a rather homogeneous composition which does not seem to be altered by the seasonal fluctuations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Clay Fraction Distribution in the Sediments of the Senegal River Estuary after the Diama (Senegal) Dam Construction

Ndiaye¹,

Diouf²,

Diara³

et al. 2016

JSOE

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“…During the detailed field studies, nine discrete depositional environments were defined: gravel‐beds (De 1), tidal flats (De2 to De4), tidal bars and dunes (De5), tidal‐inlet deposits (De6), backshore deposits (De7), foreshore deposits (De8) and pro‐ebb delta deposits (De9). The tidal flats were subdivided into: mud‐flats (De2); mixed‐flats (De3); and sand‐flats (De4) using subsequent LPSA analysis and the Brockamp & Zuther () method of classification. The general appearance of the nine depositional environments is illustrated in Figs and .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) (see later in this section). The tidal‐flat classification scheme of Brockamp & Zuther () was employed, whereby a sand‐flat is >90 sand, a mixed‐flat has 50 to 90% sand, and a mud‐flat has 15 to 50% sand.…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) (see later in this section). The tidalflat classification scheme of Brockamp & Zuther (2004) was employed, whereby a sand-flat is >90 sand, a mixed-flat has 50 to 90% sand, and a mud-flat has 15 to 50% sand. Sediment for laboratory analysis was collected at low-tide along pre-defined transects at 185 sites in order to give an approximately uniform distribution of samples ( Fig.…”

Section: Field Mapping and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estuarine clay mineral distribution: Modern analogue for ancient sandstone reservoir quality prediction

et al. 2019

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The spatial distribution of clay minerals in sandstones, which may both enhance or degrade reservoir quality, is poorly understood. To address this, clay mineral distribution patterns and host‐sediment properties (grain size, sorting, clay fraction abundance and bioturbation intensity) have, for the first time, been determined and mapped at an unprecedentedly high‐resolution in a modern estuarine setting (Ravenglass Estuary, UK). Results show that the estuary sediment is dominated by illite with subordinate chlorite and kaolinite, although the rivers supply sediment with less illite and significantly more chlorite than found in the estuary. Fluvial‐supplied sediment has been locally diluted by sediment derived from glaciogenic drift deposits on the margins of the estuary. Detailed clay mineral maps and statistical analyses reveal that the estuary has a heterogeneous distribution of illite, chlorite and kaolinite. Chlorite is relatively most abundant on the northern foreshore and backshore and is concentrated in coarse‐grained inner estuary dunes and tidal bars. Illite is relatively most abundant (as well as being most crystalline and most Fe–Mg‐rich) in fine‐grained inner estuary and central basin mud and mixed flats. Kaolinite has the highest abundance in fluvial sediment and is relatively homogenous in tidally‐influenced environments. Clay mineral distribution patterns in the Ravenglass Estuary have been strongly influenced by sediment supply (residence time) and subsequently modified by hydrodynamic processes. There is no relationship between macro‐faunal bioturbation intensity and the abundance of chlorite, illite or kaolinite. Based on this modern‐analogue study, outer estuarine sediments are likely to be heavily quartz cemented in deeply‐buried (burial temperatures exceeding 80 to 100°C) sandstone reservoirs due to a paucity of clay grade material (<0·5%) to form complete grain coats. In contrast, chlorite‐enriched tidal bars and dunes in the inner estuary, with their well‐developed detrital clay coats, are likely to have quartz cement inhibiting authigenic clay coats in deeply‐buried sandstones.

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“…1B) (UK Environmental Agency 2015) were used to define a suite of estuarine environments. Tidal flats were differentiated based on sand abundance, following the tidal-flat classification scheme proposed by Brockamp and Zuther (2004) whereby a sand flat is . 90% sandgrade material, a mixed flat has 50 to 90% sand grade material, and a mud flat has 15 to 50% sand grade material.…”

Section: Field Mapping and Core Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detrital Clay Coats, Clay Minerals, and Pyrite: A Modern Shallow-Core Analogue For Ancient and Deeply Buried Estuarine Sandstones

Griffiths

Worden

Wooldridge

et al. 2018

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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The spatial distribution of clay minerals and authigenic-clay-coated sand grains in ancient and deeply buried petroleum reservoirs, which can enhance or degrade reservoir quality, is poorly understood. Authigenic clay coats are reported to originate from the thermally driven recrystallization of detrital clay coats or through in situ growth from the authigenic alteration of precursor and early-diagenetic minerals during burial diagenesis. To help predict the spatial distribution of authigenic clay coats and clay minerals in estuarine sandstones, this study provides the first modern-analogue study, using the Ravenglass Estuary, UK, which integrates the distribution patterns of lithofacies, Fe-sulfide, and precursor detrital-clay-coats and clay-minerals. X-ray-diffraction-determined mineralogy and the extent of detrital clay-coat coverage of sediment in twenty-three one-meter cores was established, at an unprecedented high resolution. The output from this study shows that detrital clay mineral distribution patterns are controlled principally by the physical sorting of clay minerals by grain size. Chlorite is most abundant in coarsergrained sediment (e.g., low-amplitude dunes), whereas illite is most abundant in finer-grained sub-environments (e.g., mud flats). Kaolinite abundance is relatively homogeneous, whereas smectite abundance is negligible in the Ravenglass Estuary. This study has shown that distribution patterns of detrital-clay-coats and clay-minerals are controlled by processes active during deposition and bio-sediment interaction in the top few millimeters in the primary deposition environment. In the Ravenglass Estuary, distribution patterns of detrital-clay-coats and clay-minerals have not been overprinted by the postdepositional processes of sediment bioturbation or mechanical infiltration. Optimum detritalclay-coat coverage and clay mineralogy, which might serve as a precursor to porosity-preserving authigenic clay coats in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs, is likely to occur in low-amplitude dunes in the inner estuary and central basin. Furthermore, bioturbation in low-amplitude dunes has reduced Fe-sulfide growth due to oxidization, meaning that iron remains available for the formation of authigenic Fe-bearing clay minerals, such as chlorite, that can lead to enhanced reservoir quality in deeply buried sandstones.

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Changes in clay mineral content of tidal flat sediments resulting from dike construction along the Lower Saxony coast of the North Sea, Germany

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Clay Fraction Distribution in the Sediments of the Senegal River Estuary after the Diama (Senegal) Dam Construction

Clay Fraction Distribution in the Sediments of the Senegal River Estuary after the Diama (Senegal) Dam Construction

Estuarine clay mineral distribution: Modern analogue for ancient sandstone reservoir quality prediction

Detrital Clay Coats, Clay Minerals, and Pyrite: A Modern Shallow-Core Analogue For Ancient and Deeply Buried Estuarine Sandstones

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