Changes in Circulatory Antioxidant Status in Horses during Prolonged Exercise

Marlin, D. J.; Fenn, K; Smith, Nicola C.; Deaton, Christopher M.; Roberts, C. A.; Harris, Patricia A.; Dunster, Christina; Kelly, Frank J.

doi:10.1093/jn/132.6.1622s

Cited by 100 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In units per litre, a significant increase or tendency to increase was found in all enzymatic indices after NPE compared to 36 h, what could diagnose some degree of muscle membrane leakage in these horses. Significant increase and subsequent decrease of CPK activity was found at the end and 16 h after the prolonged exercise in horses, according to Marlin et al (2002). Based on the results expressed in units per g of TP, the NPE used in our experiment did not cause significant muscle damage.…”

Section: Enzymatic Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 50%

Biochemical responses to a non-standard exercise in horses trained for jumping

Hura¹,

Novotný²,

Boldižár³

et al. 2013

Acta Vet. Brno

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The aims of this study were to analyze the indices of mineral, enzymatic, protein and lipid metabolism, and the antioxidant status in horses trained for jumping after prolonged exercise. A total of 10 Slovak warmblood horses (aged 6-15 years) trained for jumping were used. Blood samples were taken before and after the jumping training (control), immediately after prolonged exercise and after the following 36 h of rest. Control samplings showed no signs of exerciseinduced dehydration, but an increase of haematological indices, increased concentration of lactate and increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase whose changes may be indicative of splenic blood efflux and activation of anaerobic metabolism. On the other hand, changes of biochemical indices (such as: increased alanine aminotrasferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, decreased K and Fe, increased malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase) that are indicative for the muscle membrane leakage, oxidative stress and electrolyte imbalances, and alterations of intermediary metabolism were found due to the non-standard prolonged exercise. Although this study demonstrates that trained horses adapted to a certain exercise regimen are exposed to oxidative and metabolic stress by non-standard prolonged workload, further research is required to assign an appropriate resting regime needed to compensate for the induced biochemical changes. Equine, metabolic indices, antioxidants, performanceAs published by Robert et al. (2010), studies on endurance and prolonged exercising horses often report only descriptive results, and physiological explanation of changes responsible for the observed alterations is rarely provided. It is probably due to the alterations of plasma volume which vary in horses subjected to the different physical performance on a variety of environmental conditions, as reviewed by Carlson (1987). Hypovolaemia caused by exercise-induced dehydration is a problem to which mostly endurance and prolonged exercising horses must respond.It is well known that during prolonged exercise in horses, loss of water and electrolyte via sweat may develop exhaustion with hypovolaemia and electrolyte changes, which subsequently result in fatigue, metabolic disturbances, fractures and even death. For example, positive correlation between exercise intensity and gastric ulceration severity was proven by Bezdekova et al. (2005). Physiologically speaking, correct interpretation of the metabolic changes after prolonged or endurance exercise in horses is required, because it can help the veterinarian, trainer, or owner to choose appropriate training and post-exercise recovery as well as adequate dietary supplementation.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a non-standard prolonged exercise in horses trained for jumping on chosen haematological and biochemical indices which are related to mineral, enzymatic, protein and lipid metabolism and to the antioxidant status. Material and Methods AnimalsTen clinically healthy Slovak warmblood ...

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Section: Enzymatic Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 50%

Biochemical responses to a non-standard exercise in horses trained for jumping

Hura¹,

Novotný²,

Boldižár³

et al. 2013

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Free radical processes are a significant element of aetiopathogenesis in over 100 different diseases (neoplastic, cardiovascular and degenerative) in humans and animals (1,9,19). The activation of PMN cells leads to a significant increase in their oxygen metabolism, which is called the respiratory burst (17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Beta-Endorphin on Oxygen Activity of Neutrophils and Total Antioxidant Status in Rats after Chronic Administration of Methimazole

Gołyński

Lutnicki

2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of β-endorphin on oxygen activity of polimorphonuclear neutrophils and to investigate the total antioxidant status of blood serum in rats subjected to chronic treatment with methimazole. The study was carried out on 15 male Wistar rats weighing 270-290 g, divided into two groups. The animals from experimental group were administered a 0.05% drinking water solution of methimazole. The oxygen activity of peripheral blood neutrophils was examined using a modified RBA test. The extra-receptor effect of β-endorphin on the respiratory burst of neutrophils was evaluated. The incubation of neutrophils in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in the control group caused a nearly threefold increase in the oxygen activity of the cells compared to the control. Slightly higher values were obtained after addition of β-endorphin at the concentration of 10 -6 . Lower concentrations of this opioid (10 -8 and 10 -10 ) also stimulated oxygen activity but at a lower level than PMA. Naloxone did not affect the oxygen activity only when using β-endorphin in the concentration of 10 -6 . Naloxone and β-endorphin in the concentrations of 10 -8 and 10 -10 evoked a linear decrease in the oxygen activity of neutrophils, below the values obtained for PMA. The obtained results suggest that methimazole significantly modulates the generation of reactive oxygen species under the influence of β-endorphin, which stimulates the respiratory burst via the receptor pathway and inhibits it via the extra-cellular pathway. Methimazole also stimulates the anti-free radical defence.

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“…Radicais livres são moléculas ou átomos simples que possuem um elétron despareado em sua órbita externa, o qual diminui sua estabilidade e aumenta sua reatividade com outras moléculas ou átomos, principalmente lipídios celulares, proteínas e bases nucléicas (Marlin et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação do estresse oxidativo em cavalos de trote através da mensuração de malondialdeído (MDA) e glutationa reduzida (GSH) eritrocitária

et al. 2012

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Oxidative stress by physical exercise induces a lipidic peroxidation reaction in cellular membranes and damages in proteins and nucleic acids. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the ϐinal products of this reaction. Erythrocytic reduced glutathione (GSH), a multifunctional antioxidant, is present in the plasma and erythrocyts and it represents the total antioxidant suitability of the organism after an oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in different physical exercise conditions through serum MDA and erythrocytic GSH measurement in 45 American Trotter and crossbred horses distributed in three groups: G1 (no physical exercise), G2 (until 6 months of regular physical exercise) and G3 (more than 12 months of regular physical exercise). In the animals with no physical exercise MDA values were lower than the others. There was no difference in GSH values corrected by hemoglobin (Hb) or hematocrit (VG) values among the groups. However, there was a tendency of greater values in G2, where their antioxidant system is adapting to the regular physical exercises and their consequent damages. We conclude that physical exercises induce cellular damage by oxidative stress, but the antioxidant system keeps the homeostasy and it is capable to adapt itself to the free radicals harm.INDEX TERMS: Oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, erythrocytic reduced glutathione, equines, physical exercise.RESUMO.-O estresse oxidativo, decorrente de uma atividade ϐísica, leva a peroxidação lipídica de membranas celulares, além de danos protéicos e em ácidos nucléicos, e um dos produtos ϐinais desta reação é o malondialdeído (MDA). A glutationa reduzida (GSH), considerada um antioxidante multifuncional, está presente no plasma e principalmente nas hemácias e tem importância pelo fato de ser um dos índices da capacidade total antioxidante do corpo após um estresse oxidativo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o estresse oxidativo em diferentes condições de treinamento ϐísico, determinaram-se a concentração de MDA sérico e GSH eritrocitária em 45 cavalos da raça American Trotter e mestiços divididos em três grupos: G1 (sem treinamento), G2 (até 6 meses de treinamento) e G3 (treinamento há mais de 12 meses). Observou-se que o MDA teve um valor signiϐicativamente menor no grupo de animais sem treinamento ϐísico. Não houve diferença estatística signiϐicante para GSH corrigida pela Hb e para GSH corrigida pelo VG entre os grupos analisados, mas houve uma aparente tendência a maiores valores no G2, no qual o sistema antioxidante está em fase de adaptação ao treinamento ϐísico constante e suas consequentes injúrias. Conclui-se que a atividade 1 Recebido em 18 de outubro de 2011.Aceito para publicação em 12 de abril de 2012.

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Changes in Circulatory Antioxidant Status in Horses during Prolonged Exercise

Cited by 100 publications

References 33 publications

Biochemical responses to a non-standard exercise in horses trained for jumping

Biochemical responses to a non-standard exercise in horses trained for jumping

Influence of Beta-Endorphin on Oxygen Activity of Neutrophils and Total Antioxidant Status in Rats after Chronic Administration of Methimazole

Avaliação do estresse oxidativo em cavalos de trote através da mensuração de malondialdeído (MDA) e glutationa reduzida (GSH) eritrocitária

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