Changes in circulating microRNA and arterial stiffness following high‐intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise

Abstract

High-intensity interval (HII) exercise elicits distinct vascular responses compared to a matched dose of moderate intensity continuous (MOD) exercise. However, the acute effects of HII compared to MOD exercise on arterial stiffness are incompletely understood. Circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs) may contribute to the vascular effects of exercise. We sought to determine exercise intensity-dependent changes in ci-miR potentially underlying changes in arterial stiffness. Ten young, healthy men underwent well-matched, 30-min HII and MOD exercise bouts. RT-qPCR was used to determine the levels of seven vascular-related ci-miRs in serum obtained immediately before and after exercise. Arterial stiffness measures including carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), carotid arterial compliance and β-stiffness, and augmentation index (AIx and AIx75) were taken before, 10min after and 60min after exercise. Ci-miR-21-5p, 126-3p, 126-5p, 150-5p, 155-5p, and 181b-5p increased after HII exercise (p < .05), while ci-miR-150-5p and 221-3p increased after MOD exercise (p = .03 and 0.056). One hour after HII exercise, cf-PWV trended toward being lower compared to baseline (p = .056) and was significantly lower compared to 60min after MOD exercise (p = .04). Carotid arterial compliance was increased 60min after HII exercise (p = .049) and was greater than 60min after MOD exercise (p = .02). AIx75 increased 10 min after both HII and MOD exercise (p < .05).There were significant correlations between some of the exercise-induced changes in individual ci-miRs and changes in cf-PWV and AIx/AIx75. These results support the hypotheses that arterial stiffness and ci-miRs are altered in an exercise intensitydependent manner, and ci-miRs may contribute to changes in arterial stiffness.

Circulating MicroRNA Responses to Postprandial Lipemia with or without Prior Exercise

“…We and others have previously shown changes in vascular-related ci-miR, including those investigated in this study, in healthy individuals immediately after an acute bout of aerobic exercise [41,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. While these changes in vascular-related ci-miRs generally return to baseline levels within the first couple of hours of recovery [56,59], one study showed that following an aerobic exercise program, changes in miRs persisted for 24 hours after the last exercise session of a 20-week training program [38].…”

“…In addition to exerting anti-inflammatory effects, miR-126 is known as a master regulator of endothelial cell function because of its ability to impact angiogenesis, ROS production, and NO bioavailability [15,41]. MiR-126 suppresses the expression of the apoptosis inducer TNF receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) and subsequently prevents ROS production [15].…”

“…Similarly, acute aerobic [39]or resistance [40]exercise alters ci-miR expression profiles, with some effects persisting well after the bout of exercise [40]. Considering ci-miRs are altered in response to a bout of acute exercise and are suggested to partially mediate the beneficial effects of exercise, ci-miRs may also play a role in the protective effects of exercise against postprandial lipemia-induced vascular dysfunction [9,10,41]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether a high-fat meal would induce changes in the levels of vascular-related ci-miR, and to determine whether a prior bout of acute exercise would beneficially alter these responses.…”

Peripheral Vascular and Neuromuscular Responses to Ultramarathon Running

“…To our knowledge, there are no studies suggesting that long-term ultra-endurance athletes have a shorter lifespan than recreationally active individuals [37][38][39]. Furthermore, while not consistently reported [53,54] similar short-term vascular impairments have been noted after just 30 min of moderate continuous or interval exercise [26,58], and other reports indicate that resistance exercise is responsible for some of the most profound changes in arterial stiffness [53,54]. Repeated muscle contractions, especially eccentric contractions [1,6], are proposed to explain these findings, but like the studies reviewed in response to ultramarathon running, these responses appear to be short-lived.…”

The role of physical activity and miRNAs in the vascular aging and cardiac health of dialysis patients

“…For this purpose, exceptional benefits were found for the combination of resistance and aerobic exercises during dialysis. In both types of exercise intervention, the effectiveness of exercise on health‐related risks was strongly dependent on the range of functional and metabolic adaptation of muscle tissue (Celis‐Morales et al, 2017); (Nystoriak & Bhatnagar, 2018); (Sapp et al, 2020). It was found that the adaptability of muscle tissue to exercise intervention should be predicted by the expression of miR‐206 and miR‐23a (Sharma et al, 2014); (Spakova et al, 2020); (Wang et al, 2017).…”