Changes in cardiac structure and function with aging

Agrawal, Tanushree; Nagueh, Sherif F.

doi:10.20517/jca.2021.40

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As individuals age, the ability of cardiac muscle cells to divide and regenerate declines, which can lead to a deterioration of cardiac function and an increased risk of heart disease. Aging also causes anatomical and physiological changes within the cardiovascular system that can affect the mechanical forces acting on the chest wall (49). The heart muscle can become stiffer and thicker, especially the left ventricular wall, which can impair the heart's ability to fill with blood and contract effectively.…”

Section: Age Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing smartphone gyrocardiography for heart rate monitoring: overcoming clinical validation hurdles

Elgendi,

Wu,

Guan

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Accurate heart rate (HR) measurement is crucial for optimal cardiac health, and while conventional methods such as electrocardiography and photoplethysmography are widely used for continuous daily monitoring, they may face practical limitations due to their dependence on external sensors and susceptibility to motion artifacts. In recent years, mechanocardiography (MCG)-based technologies, such as gyrocardiography (GCG) and seismocardiography (SCG), have emerged as promising alternatives to address these limitations. GCG has shown enhanced sensitivity and accuracy for HR detection compared to SCG, although its benefits are often overlooked in the context of the widespread use of accelerometers in HR monitoring applications. In this perspective, we aim to explore the potential and challenges of GCG, while recognizing that other technologies, including photoplethysmography and remote photoplethysmography, also have promising applications for HR monitoring. We propose a roadmap for future research to unlock the transformative capabilities of GCG for everyday heart rate monitoring.

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Section: Age Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing smartphone gyrocardiography for heart rate monitoring: overcoming clinical validation hurdles

Elgendi,

Wu,

Guan

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Additionally, iron overload and oxidative stress causes the impaired vascular endothelium vasodilatory function and has a pro-inflammatory effect, with may eventually lead to accelerated aging of the cardiovascular system, with possible effects on the heart, regardless of the actual patients age (4)(5)(6). This manifests as an increased ventricular mass attributed to the increased thickness of the myocardium, eventually leading to impaired LV diastolic function (7) and increased left atrial (LA) size (7,8). These changes can be easily detected using echocardiography (7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This manifests as an increased ventricular mass attributed to the increased thickness of the myocardium, eventually leading to impaired LV diastolic function (7) and increased left atrial (LA) size (7,8). These changes can be easily detected using echocardiography (7)(8)(9). However, these features are not typical of recently diagnosed patients with HH, who usually have normal parameters on standard echocardiography (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential impact of hereditary hemochromatosis on the heart considering the disease stage and patient age—the role of echocardiography

Świątczak,

Rozwadowska,

Sikorska

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundHereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disease that leads to increased iron accumulation in several organs. Cardiomyocytes are highly susceptible to this damage owing to their high iron uptake, and cardiovascular complications account for 1/3 of the deaths in the natural course of HH. Additionally, excess iron intake and associated oxidative stress may accelerate the aging of the cardiovascular system, regardless of the age of patients with HH. We aimed to investigate the role of standard and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in revealing heart differences in patients with HH considering the disease stage and the patient age.MethodologyConsecutive patients with HH (n = 58) without heart pathologies (except hypertension) and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals underwent echocardiography. Patients were compared according to the time since HH diagnosis (the recently diagnosed HH group [31 patients] with diagnosed HH for less than 6 months and had no more than one venesection; the medium group [11 patients] with diagnosed HH between 6 and 24 months; and the long-lasting group [16 patients] with diagnosed HH for more than 2 years) and the quartile contribution of their age.ResultsStandard echocardiography revealed differences in diastolic parameters between patients with HH and controls, which were the most prominent between healthy and long-lasting HH patients. Regarding systolic function, left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in HH patients, with the most evident differences between the healthy and recently diagnosed HH patients. STE revealed additional differences in systolic parameters, with LV rotation the worst in recently diagnosed patients and its increase in patients with medium and long-lasting HH. Significantly worse peak systolic longitudinal strain values were observed in all patients with HH. Analyses of the results according to the age quartiles of patients with HH revealed that some changes ocurred earlier than expected according to age.ConclusionsEchocardiography can reveal possible heart damage in HH patients at different stages of the disease and highlight potential features of accelerated myocardial aging in these patients.

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Phenoage and longitudinal changes on transthoracic echocardiography in Alström syndrome: a disease of accelerated ageing?

Patel,

Roy,

Alvior

et al. 2023

GeroScience

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Alström syndrome (AS) is an ultra-rare disorder characterised by early-onset multi-organ dysfunction, such as insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and renal and cardiovascular disease. The objective is to explore whether AS is a disease of accelerated ageing and whether changes over time on echocardiography could reflect accelerated cardiac ageing. Cross-sectional measurement of Phenoage and retrospective analysis of serial echocardiography were performed between March 2012 and November 2022. The setting is a single national tertiary service jointly run by health service and patient charity. Forty-five adult patients aged over 16 years were included, 64% were male and 67% of White ethnicity. The median Phenoage was 48 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 35–72) in the 34 patients for whom this was calculable, which was significantly higher than the median chronological age of 29 years (IQR: 22–39, p<0.001). Phenoage was higher than chronological age in 85% (N=29) of patients, with a median difference of +18 years (IQR: +4, +34). On echocardiography, significant decreases were observed over time in left ventricular (LV) size at end-diastole (average of 0.046 cm per year, p<0.001) and end-systole (1.1% per year, p=0.025), with significant increase in posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (0.009 cm per year, p=0.008). LV systolic function measured by global longitudinal strain reduced (0.34 percentage points per year, p=0.020) and E/e’lat increased (2.5% per year, p=0.019). Most AS patients display a higher Phenoage compared to chronological age. Cardiac changes in AS patients were also reflective of accelerated ageing, with a reduction in LV size and increased wall thickening. AS may be a paradigm disease for premature ageing.

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Changes in cardiac structure and function with aging

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Revolutionizing smartphone gyrocardiography for heart rate monitoring: overcoming clinical validation hurdles

Revolutionizing smartphone gyrocardiography for heart rate monitoring: overcoming clinical validation hurdles

The potential impact of hereditary hemochromatosis on the heart considering the disease stage and patient age—the role of echocardiography

Phenoage and longitudinal changes on transthoracic echocardiography in Alström syndrome: a disease of accelerated ageing?

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