Changes in Cardiac Function During the Development of Uremic Cardiomyopathy and the Effect of Salvianolic Acid B Administration in a Rat Model

Ma, Danfu; Mandour, Ahmed S.; Elfadadny, Ahmed; Hendawy, Hanan; Yoshida, Tomohiko; El-Husseiny, Hussein M.; Nishifuji, Koji; Takahashi, Ken; Zhou, Zhenlei; Zhao, Yangsheng; Tanaka, Ryou

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.905759

Cited by 14 publications

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References 37 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Evaluation of diastolic function using conventional echocardiography is limited as the measurements are affected by the heart rate and arrhythmias. A combination of various echocardiographic techniques is necessary to avoid overestimation of the echocardiographic measurements ( 18 ). Additionally, the practical usage of a reliable cardiac catheterization method is invasive and requires perioperative procedures, including anesthesia, and surgical techniques ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color M-Mode Echocardiography for Non-Invasive Assessment of the Intraventricular Pressure in Dogs Before and After Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion: A Retrospective Study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundNovel non-invasive evaluation of the intraventricular pressure differences and gradients (IVPD and IVPG) by color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) is a promising method in diastolic function evaluation. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect which is associated with increased preload. The present work provides a clinical trial for the assessment of IVPD and IVPG changes in dogs before and after surgical occlusion of PDA.Materials and MethodsA total of 12 client-owned dogs were enrolled in this study. PDA was confirmed using echocardiography, and all dogs underwent PDA occlusion. Conventional echocardiography and CMME were conducted on each patient on the operation day (Pre-PDA) and 48 h after its occlusion (Post-PDA). The total IVPD and total IVPG, as well as segmental intraventricular pressure (basal, mid-to-apical, mid, and apical) were measured from Euler's equation using specific software (MATLAB). Data were analyzed for variability and for the difference between pre- and post-PDA. The effect of PDA occlusion on the measured variables was calculated using biserial ranked correlation (rc).ResultsThere was a significant reduction in end-diastolic volume, fraction shortening, stroke volume, and mitral inflow velocities (early and late) after PDA closure. CMME was feasible in all dogs, and the CMME indices showed moderate variability, except for the apical segment of IVPD and IVPG. After PDA closure, in comparison with the pre-PDA occlusion, there was a significant reduction in total IVPD (2.285 ± 0.374 vs. 1.748 ± 0.436 mmHg; P = 0.014), basal IVPD (1.177 ± 0.538 vs. 0.696 ± 0.144 mmHg; P = 0.012), total IVPG (1.141 ± 0.246 vs. 0.933 ± 0.208 mmHg; P = 0.032), and basal IVPG (0.578 ± 0.199 vs. 0.377 ± 0.113 mmHg; P = 0.001); meanwhile, mid, mid-to-apical, and apical segments of both IVPD and IVPG showed non-significant difference. The magnitude of PDA occlusion on the measured variables was clinically relevant and associated with a large effect size on total and basal IVPD and IVPG (rc > 0.6).ConclusionThe current clinical study revealed matched response of IVPD and IVPG to the reduced preload rather than left ventricular relaxation. This result is an initial step in the clinical utility of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG measurements in the diastolic function evaluation in dogs with PDA that warrants further clinical studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color M-Mode Echocardiography for Non-Invasive Assessment of the Intraventricular Pressure in Dogs Before and After Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion: A Retrospective Study

et al. 2022

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“…It is calculated by dividing the IVPD by the LV length. Similar to IVPD, the IVPG also exerts the same characteristics without being influenced by LV length (11)(12)(13). The length of the LV, from the mitral valve to the apex, is typically split into four sections: the basal, mid, mid-to-apical, and apical regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also has the benefit of repeatability. Using Euler's equation, IVPD is calculated from CMME images ( 11 ). As a result, it is possible to assess the ventricular function noninvasively ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it was shown that the apical-IVPG is primarily responsible for aggressively sucking blood into the ventricle, whereas the mid-to-apical-IVPG represents the active relaxation of the LV during diastole ( 16 , 17 ). In our laboratory, IVPG has been utilized to detect or predict different cardiac disease conditions in different animal models ( 11 – 13 , 18 , 19 ). Out of these studies, IVPG was proved to be a substantial noninvasive alternative with a high capacity to diagnose and even predict different cardiac affections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraventricular pressure gradient: A novel tool to assess the post-infarction chronic congestive heart failure

El-Husseiny

Mady

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Congestive heart failure (CHF), the leading cause of death, is deemed a grave sequel of myocardial infarction (MI). The employment of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), as a primary indication of CHF, becomes restricted owing to the potential impairment of heart function and caused injury to the aortic valve during its measurement. Echocardiography is the standard technique to detect cardiac dysfunction. However, it exhibits a low capacity to predict the progression of CHF post chronic MI. Being extremely sensitive, noninvasive, and preload-independent, intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) was lately introduced to evaluate cardiac function, specifically during cardiomyopathy. Yet, the utility of its use to assess the CHF progression after chronic MI was not investigated. Herein, in the current research, we aimed to study the efficacy of a novel echocardiographic-derived index as IVPG in the assessment of cardiac function in a chronic MI rat model with CHF. Fifty healthy male rats were involved, and MI was surgically induced in 35 of them. Six months post-surgery, all animals were examined using transthoracic conventional and color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) for IVPG. Animals were euthanized the following day after hemodynamics recording. Gross pathological and histological evaluations were performed. J-tree cluster analysis was conducted relying on ten echocardiographic parameters suggestive of CHF. Animals were merged into two main clusters: CHF+ (MI/HF + group, n = 22) and CHF– (n = 28) that was joined from Sham (n = 15), and MI/HF– (n = 13) groups. MI/HF+ group showed the most severe echocardiographic, hemodynamic, anatomic, and histologic alterations. There was no significant change in the total IVPG among various groups. However, the basal IVPG was significantly increased in MI/HF+ group compared to the other groups. The remaining IVPG measures were considerably increased in the MI/HF+ group than in the Sham one. The segmental IVPG measures were significantly correlated with the anatomical, histological, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings except for the heart rate. Moreover, they were significant predictors of CHF following a long-standing MI. Conclusively, IVPG obtained from CMME is a substantially promising noninvasive tool with a high ability to detect and predict the progression of CHF following chronic MI compared to conventional echocardiography.

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“…To date, the utility of IVPD and IVPG is still under research consideration as a promising tool for the detection of cardiac dysfunction in animal models. Experimental studies revealed that IVPG/IVPD segments could determine the changes in heart function in response to loading states ( 16 ), chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy ( 1 ), LV ventricular hypertrophy ( 17 ) in addition to uremic and diabetic cardiomyopathies in animal models ( 18 – 20 ). Other clinical studies were explored IVPD/IVPG in healthy dogs and cats ( 21 , 22 ), as well as in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus ( 7 , 21 , 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel color M-mode echocardiography for non-invasive assessment of the intraventricular pressure in goats: Feasibility, repeatability, and the effect of sedation

Mandour

Samir²,

Yoshida³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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BackgroundThe intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) and intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG), estimated from color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) of the transmitral flow, have been introduced as novel indices for the evaluation of heart functions. Until now, no study demonstrated the feasibility of the CMME approach to measure IVPD and IVPG in any farm animals. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and repeatability of CMME-derived IVPD and IVPG variables in goats and explore the effect of sedation on the measured variables.Materials and methodsSixteen male Shiba goats were included in this study and underwent conventional echocardiography. Eight goats were used in the repeatability of IVPD/IVPG variables. Another eight goats were used to evaluate the effect of sedation by xylazine on IVPD/IVPG measurements. CMME between the base and the apex of the left ventricle was carried out. The IVPD and IVPG were analyzed using in-house code software. The IVPD and IVPG were expressed as total, basal, mid-to-apical, mid, and apical segments. Data analysis including the imaging quality score (IQS), repeatability, variability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as well as the effect size of sedation on the measured variables was calculated.ResultsIVPD and IVPG variables from CMME were feasible in all goats. Low to moderate variability of IVPD and IVPG variables was observed (CV 95% <25%) except for the apical IVPD and apical IVPG. The IVPD/IVPG measurements were repeatable without a significant effect of animal or time on the obtained measurements. The overall ICC was higher than 0.75 in all variables except for the apical segment. Xylazine administration reduced the total, basal, and mid parts of IVPD and IVPG with a large effect size (biserial ranked correlation; rc > 0.8).ConclusionWe reported, for the first time, IVPD and IVPG measurements by CMME in goats. The assessment of IVPD and IVPG by CMME is feasible in goats which can be evaluated in further cardiovascular or pharmacological studies in this species.

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Changes in Cardiac Function During the Development of Uremic Cardiomyopathy and the Effect of Salvianolic Acid B Administration in a Rat Model

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Color M-Mode Echocardiography for Non-Invasive Assessment of the Intraventricular Pressure in Dogs Before and After Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion: A Retrospective Study

Color M-Mode Echocardiography for Non-Invasive Assessment of the Intraventricular Pressure in Dogs Before and After Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion: A Retrospective Study

Intraventricular pressure gradient: A novel tool to assess the post-infarction chronic congestive heart failure

Novel color M-mode echocardiography for non-invasive assessment of the intraventricular pressure in goats: Feasibility, repeatability, and the effect of sedation

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